The evolution of invertebrate gene body methylation

Molecular Biology and Evolution
Shrutii SardaSoojin V Yi

Abstract

DNA methylation of transcription units (gene bodies) occurs in the genomes of many animal and plant species. Phylogenetic persistence of gene body methylation implies biological significance; yet, the functional roles of gene body methylation remain elusive. In this study, we analyzed methylation levels of orthologs from four distantly related invertebrate species, including the honeybee, silkworm, sea squirt, and sea anemone. We demonstrate that in all four species, gene bodies distinctively cluster to two groups, which correspond to high and low methylation levels. This pattern resembles that of sequence composition arising from the mutagenetic effect of DNA methylation. In spite of this effect, our results show that protein sequences of genes targeted by high levels of methylation are conserved relative to genes lacking methylation. Our investigation identified many genes that either gained or lost methylation during the course of invertebrate evolution. Most of these genes appear to have lost methylation in the insect lineages we investigated, particularly in the honeybee. We found that genes that are methylated in all four invertebrate taxa are enriched for housekeeping functions related to transcription and translation, w...Continue Reading

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Citations

Sep 29, 2012·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Trees-Juen ChuangYen-Zho Chen
Mar 6, 2013·Genome Biology and Evolution·Brendan G HuntMichael A D Goodisman
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