The evolution of phenotypic plasticity when environments fluctuate in time and space

Evolution Letters
Jessica G King, Jarrod D Hadfield

Abstract

Most theoretical studies have explored the evolution of plasticity when the environment, and therefore the optimal trait value, varies in time or space. When the environment varies in time and space, we show that genetic adaptation to Markovian temporal fluctuations depends on the between-generation autocorrelation in the environment in exactly the same way that genetic adaptation to spatial fluctuations depends on the probability of philopatry. This is because both measure the correlation in parent-offspring environments and therefore the effectiveness of a genetic response to selection. If the capacity to genetically respond to selection is stronger in one dimension (e.g., space), then plasticity mainly evolves in response to fluctuations in the other dimension (e.g., time). If the relationships between the environments of development and selection are the same in time and space, the evolved plastic response to temporal fluctuations is useful in a spatial context and genetic differentiation in space is reduced. However, if the relationships between the environments of development and selection are different, the optimal level of plasticity is different in the two dimensions. In this case, the plastic response that evolves to ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Nov 25, 2020·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Maria Del Mar DelgadoOtso Ovaskainen
Apr 13, 2021·Journal of Evolutionary Biology·Thomas R HaalandIrja I Ratikainen
Jan 25, 2022·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences·Martin Eriksson, Marina Rafajlović

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