The evolution of the major histocompatibility complex in upstream versus downstream river populations of the longnose dace

Ecology and Evolution
Erika CrispoSean M Rogers

Abstract

Populations in upstream versus downstream river locations can be exposed to vastly different environmental and ecological conditions and can thus harbor different genetic resources due to selection and neutral processes. An interesting question is how upstream-downstream directionality in rivers affects the evolution of immune response genes. We used next-generation amplicon sequencing to identify eight alleles of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II β exon 2 in the cyprinid longnose dace (Rhinichthys cataractae) from three rivers in Alberta, upstream and downstream of municipal and agricultural areas along contaminant gradients. We used these data to test for directional and balancing selection on the MHC. We also genotyped microsatellite loci to examine neutral population processes in this system. We found evidence for balancing selection on the MHC in the form of increased nonsynonymous variation relative to neutral expectations, and selection occurred at more amino acid residues upstream than downstream in two rivers. We found this pattern despite no population structure or isolation by distance, based on microsatellite data, at these sites. Overall, our results suggest that MHC evolution is driven by upstrea...Continue Reading

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Citations

Dec 20, 2019·The Journal of Animal Ecology·Daniel J BeckerRaina K Plowright
Aug 30, 2020·Nature Reviews. Genetics·Dieter Ebert, Peter D Fields

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
environmental stress
genotyping
PCR

Software Mentioned

R
MSATCOMMANDER
DISTRUCT
GENEMAPPER
ecodist
‐ Toolkit
GENEPOP
Google Earth
MEGA
Geneclust

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