The excitation-contraction coupling mechanism in skeletal muscle

Biophysics Reviews
Juan C CalderónCarlo Caputo

Abstract

First coined by Alexander Sandow in 1952, the term excitation-contraction coupling (ECC) describes the rapid communication between electrical events occurring in the plasma membrane of skeletal muscle fibres and Ca(2+) release from the SR, which leads to contraction. The sequence of events in twitch skeletal muscle involves: (1) initiation and propagation of an action potential along the plasma membrane, (2) spread of the potential throughout the transverse tubule system (T-tubule system), (3) dihydropyridine receptors (DHPR)-mediated detection of changes in membrane potential, (4) allosteric interaction between DHPR and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) ryanodine receptors (RyR), (5) release of Ca(2+) from the SR and transient increase of Ca(2+) concentration in the myoplasm, (6) activation of the myoplasmic Ca(2+) buffering system and the contractile apparatus, followed by (7) Ca(2+) disappearance from the myoplasm mediated mainly by its reuptake by the SR through the SR Ca(2+) adenosine triphosphatase (SERCA), and under several conditions movement to the mitochondria and extrusion by the Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX). In this text, we review the basics of ECC in skeletal muscle and the techniques used to study it. Moreover, we high...Continue Reading

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Citations

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