The EXIT procedure: principles, pitfalls, and progress

Seminars in Pediatric Surgery
Ahmad Marwan, Timothy M Crombleholme

Abstract

Although performing procedures on a fetus before severing the umbilical cord has previously been reported, the principles of the ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) procedure were first fully developed for reversing tracheal occlusion in fetuses with severe congenital diaphragmatic hernia. The EXIT procedure offers the advantage of insuring uteroplacental gas exchange while on placental support. The lessons learned in the development of the principles that underlie the EXIT procedure have improved outcomes when applied in other conditions, most notably in cases of airway obstruction. The range of indications for the EXIT procedure has expanded and currently includes giant fetal neck masses, lung or mediastinal tumors, congenital high airway obstruction syndrome, and EXIT to ECMO (extracorporeal membrane oxygenation), among others. This review summarizes the underlying principles of the EXIT procedure, the expanding indications for its use, the pitfalls of management, and the progress that has been made in its successful application.

References

Mar 1, 1992·Archives of Otolaryngology--head & Neck Surgery·P J CatalanoH F Biller
Mar 1, 1992·Pediatric Research·A C DasselJ Greve
Jan 1, 1987·The Annals of Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology·L D Holinger, J C Birnholz
Aug 1, 1983·Journal of Pediatric Surgery·S R GundryA G Coran
May 1, 1983·Anesthesia and Analgesia·D R BiehlD Sitar
Feb 1, 1996·Journal of Pediatric Surgery·F I LuksK Vandenberghe
Jun 13, 1998·American Journal of Perinatology·A M HubbardN S Adzick
Jul 20, 2002·Current Opinion in Pediatrics·Tippi C MacKenzieAlan W Flake
Jun 5, 2003·Journal of Pediatric Surgery·Foong-Yen LimN Scott Adzick
Sep 9, 2004·Circulation·Jack RychikN Scott Adzick

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Mar 3, 2007·Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia = Journal Canadien D'anesthésie·Vinod Chinnappa, Stephen H Halpern
Jul 10, 2007·Pediatric Surgery International·Edwin C Jesudason
Apr 28, 2009·Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia = Journal Canadien D'anesthésie·Alexander ButwickImad Yamout
Feb 28, 2009·The New England Journal of Medicine·Christopher J HartnickJulia T Geyer
Jun 15, 2007·Ultrasound Quarterly·Dorothy Bulas
Oct 11, 2012·International Anesthesiology Clinics·Pornswan NgamprasertwongAnne Boat
Apr 14, 2012·Current Opinion in Pediatrics·Oluyinka O Olutoye, Olutoyin A Olutoye
Mar 19, 2011·Radiographics : a Review Publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc·Manjiri K DigheEdith Cheng
Aug 26, 2014·Seminars in Perinatology·Jaime Aaronson, Stephanie Goodman
Feb 14, 2008·European Radiology·M CannieS Dymarkowski
Dec 3, 2014·Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America·Patrick C Walz, James W Schroeder
Dec 5, 2008·European Archives of Oto-rhino-laryngology : Official Journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : Affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery·Behfar EivaziJochen A Werner
Feb 4, 2010·Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology : the Journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology·R J AbrahamD Maxwell
Mar 13, 2009·Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology : the Journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology·S SaidF D Malone
Jan 28, 2016·Pediatric Surgery International·Ann M DefnetJessica J Kandel
Sep 18, 2008·Journal of the Formosan Medical Association = Taiwan Yi Zhi·Hsin-Hui ChiuHung-Chieh Chou
Aug 27, 2013·Clinics in Perinatology·Hans P Sviggum, Bhavani Shankar Kodali
Nov 21, 2012·Clinics in Perinatology·Christopher E ColbySusan R Hintz
Mar 23, 2010·International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery·B J CostelloT L Prosen
Jun 30, 2009·Clinics in Perinatology·Priya Sekar, Lisa K Hornberger
Nov 29, 2015·Brazilian Journal of Anesthesiology·Miguel Vieira MarquesFilipa Lança
Jan 11, 2007·Seminars in Pediatric Surgery·Thomas F Tracy, Christopher S Muratore
Jun 21, 2014·European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Diseases·A AubinE Lescanne
May 15, 2013·Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health·Kiarash Taghavi, Spencer Beasley
Nov 21, 2012·American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part a·Erica SanfordAnne Slavotinek
Aug 19, 2014·The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research·Masanori SuenagaKiyoko Kato
Nov 28, 2008·International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics : the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics·Guillermo AntiñoloAlberto García Perla
Dec 15, 2015·Revista brasileira de anestesiologia·Miguel Vieira MarquesFilipa Lança
Feb 4, 2009·The Journal of Pediatrics·Lee M MorrisTimothy M Crombleholme
Aug 14, 2012·The Journal of Maternal-fetal & Neonatal Medicine : the Official Journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians·Carlo V BellieniG Buonocore
Nov 14, 2013·Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology : the Journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology·G BarthodT Van Den Abbeele
Dec 25, 2012·International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology·Richard ElliottStacey L Ishman
May 28, 2011·Journal of Pediatric Surgery·David A LazarDarrell L Cass
Feb 18, 2017·Paediatric Anaesthesia·Monica A Hoagland, Debnath Chatterjee
Nov 14, 2018·AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology·Timothy W NgDiane M Twickler
Mar 1, 2008·Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology : the Official Journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology·D KamilA Geipel
May 7, 2008·Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology·Frederik De BuckMarc Van de Velde
Aug 24, 2019·Obstetrics and Gynecology·Boris M Petrikovsky
Dec 4, 2009·AORN Journal·Debora Filipchuck, Lourdes Avdimiretz
Jan 25, 2012·Obstetrics and Gynecology·Judith H ChungCarol A Major
Jan 4, 2020·Paediatric Anaesthesia·Shazia Mohammad, Olutoyin A Olutoye

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Cardiomyopathy

Cardiomyopathy is a disease of the heart muscle, that can lead to muscular or electrical dysfunction of the heart. It is often an irreversible disease that is associated with a poor prognosis. There are different causes and classifications of cardiomyopathies. Here are the latest discoveries pertaining to this disease.