The extent to which the domestic conditions of cocoa farmers in Bougainville impede livelihoods

One Health
Merrilyn WaltonGrant Hill-Cawthorne

Abstract

Bougainville, an autonomous region of Papua New Guinea (PNG) is slowly improving services and infrastructure destroyed 20 years ago during the ten year civil war. However, the region still faces significant constraints to economic growth and human development and remains under-developed compared to PNG and close Pacific neighbours. PNG's 2017 Human Development Category (HDC) was one of the lowest at 0.544. The Bougainville Strategic Development Plan 2018-2022 noted significant gaps in health services and infrastructure, had inadequate water and waste disposal and experienced weak markets and cocoa quality. This research examines domestic conditions and the extent to which they impact on livelihoods. A cross-sectional livelihood survey was administered to cocoa growing households in 33 Village Assemblies (VAs) with 11 VAs in each of the three regions. Data was collected from 5172 individuals. A significant majority of households reported multiple health issues, rudimentary housing, unimproved sanitation and unimproved water. Over two-thirds of cocoa growers did not sell any cocoa bags in 2014-2016 resulting in low incomes and greater food insecurity compared to families selling cocoa. Families that produced no saleable cocoa wer...Continue Reading

Citations

Nov 19, 2021·Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health·Merrilyn WaltonCamille Raynes-Greenow

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