The F-actin cortex in chromaffin granule dynamics and fusion: a minireview.

Journal of Molecular Neuroscience : MN
José VillanuevaLuis M Gutiérrez

Abstract

Chromaffin granules are restrained in a dense cortical cytoskeleton before releasing their complex mix of active substances in response to cell stimulation. In recent years, the complex organization and dynamics of the chromaffin cell cortex has been unveiled through its analysis with a range of techniques to visualize this structure, including confocal fluorescence, transmitted light, and evanescent field microscopy. Accordingly, it has become apparent that the cortex is a dense F-actin mesh that contains open polygonal spaces through which vesicles can access the submembrane space. In addition to its retentive role, this structure also influences vesicle motion in both the resting state and during cell stimulation with secretagogues. During secretion, the chromaffin cell cortex undergoes a complex reorganization, helping to replenish the empty fast releasable pool of vesicles. Such changes in the cortical cytoskeleton and in the vesicle motion are governed by the activity of molecular motors, such as myosins II and Va. Interestingly, the F-actin/myosin II network also affects the final stages of exocytosis, which involve the opening and expansion of the fusion pore, and the extrusion of the vesicles contents.

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Citations

Oct 15, 2013·Immunological Reviews·Alex T RitterGillian M Griffiths
Apr 9, 2015·Frontiers in Physiology·Dragomir Milovanovic, Reinhard Jahn
Jul 3, 2018·FEBS Letters·Virginia Garcia-MartinezLuis M Gutiérrez
Feb 5, 2016·Journal of Neurochemistry·José VillanuevaLuis M Gutiérrez
Jan 24, 2018·American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology·D SteppanA Kurtz
May 26, 2018·The Journal of General Physiology·Daniel D MacDougallArun Anantharam
Jul 19, 2017·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Alex T RitterJennifer Lippincott-Schwartz

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