The Fate of the Outflow Tract Septal Complex in Relation to the Classification of Ventricular Septal Defects

Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease
Robert H AndersonShumpei Mori

Abstract

It is now established that the entity often described as an "aortopulmonary septal complex" is better considered as an "outflow tract septal complex". This change is crucial for appropriate understanding of not only malformations of the outflow tract, but also ventricular septal defects. Thus, the embryonic outflow tract, as it develops, is separated into its two components by fusion of a protrusion from the dorsal wall of the aortic sac with the distal end of the outflow cushions. The key point with regard to morphogenesis is that, with ongoing development, these structures lose their septal integrity, although they can still be identified as septal structures when the ventricular septum itself is deficient. In the normal postnatal heart, however, the aortic and pulmonary components have their own walls throughout the length of the outflow tracts. All of this is of clinical significance, since some current concepts of categorisation of the ventricular septal defects are based on the existence in the normal heart of a "conal septum", along with a "septum of the atrioventricular canal". In this review, we show how analysis of postnatal hearts reveals the definitive ventricular septum to possess only muscular and fibrous componen...Continue Reading

References

Nov 1, 1989·Journal of the American College of Cardiology·R Van PraaghJ Kreutzer
Mar 1, 1980·British Heart Journal·B SotoR H Anderson
Mar 29, 2000·The Annals of Thoracic Surgery·A F MerrickR H Anderson
Sep 7, 2011·Current Opinion in Genetics & Development·Timothy J Mohun, Wolfgang J Weninger
Oct 23, 2012·The Annals of Thoracic Surgery·Diane E SpicerCarl L Backer
Feb 14, 2015·Journal of Anatomy·Robert H AndersonNigel A Brown
Nov 9, 2018·Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease·Robert E Poelmann, Adriana C Gittenberger-de Groot
Nov 9, 2018·The Anatomical Record : Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology·Robert H AndersonWouter H Lamers
Jan 25, 2019·Clinical Anatomy : Official Journal of the American Association of Clinical Anatomists & the British Association of Clinical Anatomists·Shumpei MoriRobert H Anderson

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Citations

May 8, 2019·Developmental Dynamics : an Official Publication of the American Association of Anatomists·Robert E Poelmann, Adriana C Gittenberger-de Groot
May 1, 2021·Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease·Sonia StefanovicStéphane Zaffran

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