The Filum Terminale: A Cadaver Study of Anatomy, Histology, and Elastic Properties

World Neurosurgery
Philippe De VlooFrank Van Calenbergh

Abstract

The filum terminale is a fibrous band, consisting of the filum terminale internum (FTI), connecting the conus medullaris (CM) with the dural sac (DS), and the filum terminale externum (FTE), connecting the DS with the coccyx. Despite its importance in tethered cord syndrome, published anatomic and physiologic data on the filum terminale remain scarce. We describe 1) the dimensions and position of the FTI and FTE; 2) the histology of the FTI-DS-FTE transition zone; and 3) the extensibility and elastic properties of the FTI and the CM. Anatomic measurements were performed on 10 fresh and 10 embalmed human cadavers. Four other fresh cadavers were used for strain and elasticity measurements. The mean FTI and FTE lengths were 158.75 and 69.33 mm, respectively. From cranially to caudally, the FTI diameter decreased from 1.93 to 0.69 mm. The most frequent vertebral level of the CM-FTI and the FTI-DS-FTE junction were L1 and S2, respectively. FTE length correlates with body length (r = 0.54; P = 0.014) and with FTI-DS-FTE junction vertebral level (ρ =-0.76; P < 0.001). Histologically, the FTI fuses with DS fibers and continues as FTE. The FTI and the CM show an exponential loaded weight-strain relationship, with the FTI showing higher ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 15, 2017·Journal of Clinical Neuroscience : Official Journal of the Neurosurgical Society of Australasia·Erfanul SakerR Shane Tubbs
Aug 4, 2019·Clinical Anatomy : Official Journal of the American Association of Clinical Anatomists & the British Association of Clinical Anatomists·Siriwut PokananAke Hansasuta
Sep 5, 2017·Frontiers in Veterinary Science·Steven De DeckerDavid M Neilson
Dec 21, 2017·Child's Nervous System : ChNS : Official Journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery·Ankush Gupta, Vedantam Rajshekhar
May 26, 2018·Child's Nervous System : ChNS : Official Journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery·Mayank PatelR Shane Tubbs
Jan 12, 2021·Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine·Courtney R SparksNatasha J Olby
Jan 30, 2021·Clinical Biomechanics·Nathan D SchilatyBrian G Weinshenker
Dec 4, 2020·Curēus·Brian FianiChristina M Moawad
Jun 1, 2021·Veterinary Pathology·Abigail McElroyAnn Rashmir

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