The first stage of transforming growth factor beta1 activation is release of the large latent complex from the extracellular matrix of growth plate chondrocytes by matrix vesicle stromelysin-1 (MMP-3)

Calcified Tissue International
S MaedaB D Boyan

Abstract

Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta1) is secreted in a biologically inactive form and stored in the extracellular matrix as a 290 kDa complex consisting of the mature TGF-beta1 homodimer (Mr 25 kDa), the latency-associated peptide (LAP; Mr 75 kDa), and the latent TGF-beta1 binding protein-1 (LTBP1; Mr 190 kDa). Latent TGF-beta1, composed of these three components, is known as the "large latent TGF-beta1 complex." In contrast, latent TGF-beta1 without LTBP1 is known as "small latent TGF-beta1." For all latent forms, dissociation of the TGF-beta1 homodimer from LAP is necessary for growth factor activation and acquisition of biological activity. Matrix vesicles produced by growth plate chondrocytes contain matrix metalloproteinases that can activate small latent TGF-beta1. The enzyme responsible for this is matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3), although matrix vesicles also contain MMP-2 and plasminogen activator. The present study tested the hypothesis that matrix vesicle enzymes are also involved in the release of the large latent TGF-beta1 complex stored in the extracellular matrix. Matrix vesicles were isolated from cultures of resting zone and growth zone chondrocytes and metalloproteinases present in the matrix vesicl...Continue Reading

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