The folly of effort: ironic effects in the mental control of pain

The International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis
J D EastwoodK S Bowers

Abstract

During exposure to pain, participants who were engaged in hypnotic analgesia or stress inoculation provided pain reports every 5 s and 45 s, respectively. It was found that the frequency of pain reporting had a significant effect on participants' level of experienced pain. This finding is discussed in the context of important methodological implications for laboratory investigations of analgesia. Furthermore, preliminary evidence was obtained suggesting that high hypnotizables in hypnotic analgesia remained relatively undisrupted by frequent pain reporting. Based on Wegner's (1994) ironic process theory, it is argued that this pattern of results is inconsistent with theories of hypnosis that propose that hypnotized individuals intentionally engender responses while remaining unaware of their sustained, deliberate effort. The obtained pattern of results was, however, predicted from the dissociated control model of hypnosis (Bowers, 1990, 1992).

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Citations

Jul 10, 2003·Psychological Bulletin·David R Patterson, Mark P Jensen
Jul 27, 2000·The American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis·B N Eimer
Sep 5, 2006·The International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis·Pamela Sadler, Erik Z Woody
Nov 22, 2011·The International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis·Miriam Wyzenbeek, Richard A Bryant
Jan 5, 2000·The International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis·I KirschW Braffman
Feb 7, 2001·Annual Review of Psychology·R M Wenzlaff, D M Wegner
Oct 19, 2011·Acta Psychologica·Asma HanifMark J Fenske

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