The future is now: prospective temporal self-appraisals among defensive pessimists and optimists

Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin
Lawrence J SannaEulena M Small

Abstract

Three studies found that prospective temporal self-appraisals can be part of defensive pessimists' strategy; they felt closer to equally distant negative than positive futures. In Study 1, defensive pessimists felt closer to future failures and reported more negative affect than those considering success. In Study 2, when manipulated negative futures were close, defensive pessimists felt bad and performed well; results suggested that viewing negative futures as close may be part of their natural strategy. Study 3 found that prospective self-appraisals influenced performances through felt preparation. Optimists did not use prospective self-appraisals (Study 1) and their performances were unaffected by manipulated temporal distance (Studies 2 and 3). Discussion centers on prospective self-appraisals and multiple strategies of defensive pessimists.

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Citations

Apr 30, 2008·Journal of Personality Assessment·Mark S RyeTarika Daftary
May 1, 2007·Auris, Nasus, Larynx·Filippo Di LellaMario Sanna
Nov 13, 2013·Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin·David Funder, UNKNOWN Task Force on Publication and Research Practices, Society for Personality and Social Psychology
Apr 8, 2010·Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin·Johanna PeetzAnne E Wilson
Feb 2, 2022·Personality and Social Psychology Review : an Official Journal of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc·Tal Moran, Tal Eyal

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