The galectin profile of the endothelium: altered expression and localization in activated and tumor endothelial cells.

The American Journal of Pathology
Victor L ThijssenArjan W Griffioen

Abstract

We previously identified overexpression of galectin-1 in activated tumor endothelium. Currently, the tumor vasculature is a target for therapeutic approaches. Little is known about galectin expression and regulation in the tumor vasculature. Here, we report the expression of galectin-1/-3/-8/-9 in the endothelium as determined by quantitative PCR, Western blot, flow cytometry, and immunohistochemistry. Galectin-2/-4/-12 were detectable at the mRNA level, albeit very low. Galectin-8 and -9 displayed alternative splicing. Immunohistochemistry of normal tissues revealed a broad but low expression of galectin-1 in the vasculature, whereas the expression levels and localization of the other galectins varied. Endothelial cell activation in vitro significantly increased the expression of galectin-1 (5.32 +/- 1.97; P = 0.04) and decreased the expression of both galectin-8 (0.59 +/- 0.12; P < 0.04) and galectin-9 (0.32 +/- 0.06; P < 0.002). Galectin-3 expression was unaltered. Although a portion of these proteins is expressed intracellularly, the membrane protein level of galectin-1/-8/-9 was significantly increased on cell activation in vitro, 6-fold (P = 0.005), 3-fold (P = 0.002), and 1.4-fold (P = 0.04), respectively. Altered expres...Continue Reading

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