The genetic, morphological, and physiological characterization of a dark larval cuticle mutation in the butterfly, Bicyclus anynana.

PloS One
Ashley BearAntónia Monteiro

Abstract

Studies on insect melanism have greatly contributed to our understanding of natural selection and the ultimate factors influencing the evolution of darkly pigmented phenotypes. Research on several species of melanic lepidopteran larvae have found that low levels of circulating juvenile hormone (JH) titers are associated with a melanic phenotype, suggesting that genetic changes in the JH biosynthetic pathway give rise to increased deposition of melanin granules in the cuticle in this group. But does melanism arise through different molecular mechanisms in different species? The present study reports on a Bicyclus anynana (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) dark larvae single locus mutation, in which larvae exhibit a darker cuticle relative to wild type. Unlike other lepidopteran melanic larvae mutations, this one is autosomal recessive and does not appear to involve a deficiency in JH titers. Unlike JH deficiency mutants, dark larvae mutants display similar growth rates and sexual behaviors as wild type, and topical application of a JH analogue failed to rescue the wild type cuticular coloration. Finally, transmission electron microscopy showed that sclerotization or deposition of diffuse melanin, rather than deposition of melanin granul...Continue Reading

References

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Citations

Feb 5, 2016·Proceedings. Biological Sciences·Conrad C LabandeiraDong Ren
Jun 4, 2015·Scientific Reports·Sisi LiuXianchun Li
Apr 12, 2013·Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology·Yong-Gang HuGui-Qin Shi
Jul 3, 2016·Global Change Biology·Michael KlockmannKlaus Fischer
Oct 13, 2018·Journal of Evolutionary Biology·Siiri-Lii SandreToomas Tammaru

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
transmission electron microscopy
light microscopy
transgenic

Software Mentioned

R
Multiquant
Photoshop
Adobe Photoshop

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