The genetic structure of Squalidus multimaculatus revealing the historical pattern of serial colonization on the tip of East Asian continent

Scientific Reports
Hyung-Bae JeonHo Young Suk

Abstract

Separated river systems could create confluences via two geological processes, estuary coalescence in response to decreasing sea levels and headwater capture, allowing primary freshwater species to disperse across rivers. Squalidus multimaculatus, is an endemic and primary freshwater species restricted to the southeast coast of the Korean Peninsula. The distribution of this species is unique, given that other congeneric species, including its closely related S. gracilis majimae, as well as other cyprind species are observed throughout the peninsula except for the east coast. Phylogeographic analyses were conducted using three mitochondrial loci to identify the origin of S. multimaculatus and the historical pathways of dispersal. A strong phylogenetic affinity between S. multimaculatus and S. g. majimae and the genetic structure among populations indicated that S. multimaculatus originated from the eastward colonization of the common ancestor between S. g. majimae and S. multimaculatus via headwater capture through fault zones within successive mountain range. Following colonization, the ancestral S. multimaculatus likely migrated towards north via estuary coalescence along a well-developed continental shelf. Our study was the f...Continue Reading

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
PCR

Software Mentioned

DIVA
TreeAnnotator
Jmodeltest2
MrBayes
Geneious
Arlequin
CIPRES
RAxML GUI
PopART
Adobe Illustrator

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