The Genome Biology of Effector Gene Evolution in Filamentous Plant Pathogens

Annual Review of Phytopathology
Andrea Sánchez-ValletDaniel Croll

Abstract

Filamentous pathogens, including fungi and oomycetes, pose major threats to global food security. Crop pathogens cause damage by secreting effectors that manipulate the host to the pathogen's advantage. Genes encoding such effectors are among the most rapidly evolving genes in pathogen genomes. Here, we review how the major characteristics of the emergence, function, and regulation of effector genes are tightly linked to the genomic compartments where these genes are located in pathogen genomes. The presence of repetitive elements in these compartments is associated with elevated rates of point mutations and sequence rearrangements with a major impact on effector diversification. The expression of many effectors converges on an epigenetic control mediated by the presence of repetitive elements. Population genomics analyses showed that rapidly evolving pathogens show high rates of turnover at effector loci and display a mosaic in effector presence-absence polymorphism among strains. We conclude that effective pathogen containment strategies require a thorough understanding of the effector genome biology and the pathogen's potential for rapid adaptation.

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Citations

Jan 22, 2019·Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution·Nichola J Hawkins
Sep 26, 2019·Molecular Biology and Evolution·Simone FouchéDaniel Croll
Aug 7, 2019·Annual Review of Phytopathology·Gayani EkanayakeAntje Heese
Aug 9, 2020·Molecular Plant Pathology·Claire Kanja, Kim E Hammond-Kosack
Aug 30, 2020·Nature Reviews. Genetics·Dieter Ebert, Peter D Fields
Nov 9, 2019·Trends in Plant Science·Laurent CambordeElodie Gaulin
May 22, 2021·Chromosome Research : an International Journal on the Molecular, Supramolecular and Evolutionary Aspects of Chromosome Biology·Jessica L SoyerIsabelle Fudal
May 17, 2021·Current Opinion in Plant Biology·Melania FigueroaEva C Henningsen
Jun 25, 2021·PLoS Pathogens·Fernando NavarreteArmin Djamei
Oct 10, 2021·Molecular Plant-microbe Interactions : MPMI
Jul 14, 2021·Plant Disease·Samuel K MutigaNicholas J Talbot
Oct 21, 2020·Microbiological Research·Rajdeep JaswalT R Sharma

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