The genome sequence of the grape phylloxera provides insights into the evolution, adaptation, and invasion routes of an iconic pest.

BMC Biology
Claude RispeDenis Tagu

Abstract

Although native to North America, the invasion of the aphid-like grape phylloxera Daktulosphaira vitifoliae across the globe altered the course of grape cultivation. For the past 150 years, viticulture relied on grafting-resistant North American Vitis species as rootstocks, thereby limiting genetic stocks tolerant to other stressors such as pathogens and climate change. Limited understanding of the insect genetics resulted in successive outbreaks across the globe when rootstocks failed. Here we report the 294-Mb genome of D. vitifoliae as a basic tool to understand host plant manipulation, nutritional endosymbiosis, and enhance global viticulture. Using a combination of genome, RNA, and population resequencing, we found grape phylloxera showed high duplication rates since its common ancestor with aphids, but similarity in most metabolic genes, despite lacking obligate nutritional symbioses and feeding from parenchyma. Similarly, no enrichment occurred in development genes in relation to viviparity. However, phylloxera evolved > 2700 unique genes that resemble putative effectors and are active during feeding. Population sequencing revealed the global invasion began from the upper Mississippi River in North America, spread to Eur...Continue Reading

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Citations

Dec 9, 2020·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Mélanie Ribeiro LopesFederica Calevro
May 12, 2021·Current Biology : CB·Florian Maderspacher
Jun 1, 2021·Current Opinion in Genetics & Development·Elizabeth L Jockusch, Cera R Fisher
Jul 12, 2021·Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part D, Genomics & Proteomics·Thomas ChertempsFrédérique Hilliou

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
flow cytometry
PCR
Fluorescence
RNA-Seq
PCA
MDS

Software Mentioned

MUSCLE
SOAPdenovo
Pathway Tools
EnsEMBL
GBlocks
AGMB
samtools
interproscan
COFFEE
AphidBase

Related Concepts