The Geographical Distribution of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Causative Agents in Iran and Its Neighboring Countries, A Review

Frontiers in Public Health
Mohammad Amin GhateeMehdi Karamian

Abstract

Leishmania tropica and Leishmania major are both the main cause of anthroponotic (ACL) and zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL), respectively, in the Old World. Leishmania infantum and Leishmania donovani, which are important causes of visceral leishmaniasis, have also occasionally been reported in CL patients. The present study investigates the current distribution of causative species of CL in Iran and neighboring countries in the Middle East. There has been expansion of L. tropica into new urban and rural foci in Iran, with well-documented cases of visceralization, a substantial increase of CL in Syria, and the emergence of new foci and outbreaks in Turkey and Iraq, especially due to L. major. Civil war in Syria and Iraq, population movement, poverty, and climatic change play important roles in the changing CL distribution in this region. Control programs should adopt a multidisciplinary approach based on active surveillance and case finding, especially in vulnerable refugee populations, determination of hazard maps for CL hot points using GIS and other advanced technology, the free distribution of drugs, rodent control, and greater community engagement in poor and marginalized populations. Comprehensive molecular studies ...Continue Reading

References

Sep 1, 1991·Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene·J DereureH Saddiki
Sep 1, 1989·The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene·Y MebrahtuC Roberts
Apr 15, 1995·Lancet·D L SacksR Saran
May 13, 1993·The New England Journal of Medicine·A J MagillC N Oster
Aug 1, 1997·The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene·N Guessous-IdrissiA Rhalem
Oct 22, 2002·Acta Tropica·U Z OkY Ozbel
Jun 5, 2003·Emerging Infectious Diseases·Richard ReithingerPaul G Coleman
Jul 4, 2003·International Journal of Dermatology·Abdul Manan BhuttoYoshihisa Hashiguchi
Apr 22, 2004·Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene·Jan KolaczinskiMark Rowland
Jul 1, 2004·Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases·P Desjeux
Aug 25, 2004·Annals of Saudi Medicine·Mohammad Reza Yaghoobi-ErshadiAhmad Ali Hanafi-Bojd
Sep 16, 2005·International Journal for Parasitology·Marina Gramiccia, Luigi Gradoni
Oct 7, 2006·Trends in Parasitology·Jorge AlvarCaryn Bern
Sep 25, 2007·International Journal of Medical Microbiology : IJMM·Michael FauldeAchim Hoerauf
Mar 28, 2008·Tropical Medicine & International Health : TM & IH·Ibrahim M MoslehNabil Abotteen
May 1, 2009·Emerging Infectious Diseases·Joaquina Martín-SánchezFrancisco Morillas-Márquez
Jul 25, 2009·Tropical Medicine & International Health : TM & IH·Francine PratlongJean-Pierre Dedet
Sep 10, 2009·Tropical Medicine & International Health : TM & IH·Seray Ozensoy TozCharles L Jaffe
May 5, 2010·The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene·Dalit Talmi-FrankGad Baneth
Jun 11, 2010·International Journal of Dermatology·Iraj SharifiFarrokh Modabber
Dec 3, 2010·Emerging Infectious Diseases·Dalit Talmi-FrankGad Baneth
Mar 23, 2011·Vector Borne and Zoonotic Diseases·Ismail ShalabyAbdel Elah Banaja
Jun 14, 2012·PloS One·Jorge AlvarUNKNOWN WHO Leishmaniasis Control Team
Jul 18, 2012·Türkiye parazitolojii dergisi·Mehmet Salih GürelYusuf Ozbel
Sep 6, 2012·Tropical Medicine & International Health : TM & IH·Hamid Mahmoudzadeh-NiknamMohammad H Alimohammadian
Dec 21, 2012·International Journal of Infectious Diseases : IJID : Official Publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases·Hesham A El-BeshbishyAyman A El-Badry
Jan 16, 2013·Annual Review of Entomology·Paul D Ready
Oct 30, 2013·Journal of Travel Medicine·Sébastien LarréchéAudrey Mérens
Jan 23, 2014·Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene·Ismail S KoltasSoner Uzun
Jun 17, 2014·Experimental Parasitology·Mohammad Amin GhateeHossein Mirhendi
Oct 3, 2014·PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases·Nasir SalamArezki Azzi
Oct 4, 2014·Emerging Infectious Diseases·Maya SaroufimIbrahim Khalifeh
Oct 25, 2014·Acta Dermato-venereologica·Kinan HayaniElke Weisshaar

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Jun 25, 2020·Revista Do Instituto De Medicina Tropical De São Paulo·Edith Araceli Fernández-FigueroaIngeborg Becker
Mar 14, 2021·Acta Tropica·Arzuv CharyyevaAlexei Yu Kostygov
Mar 30, 2021·Frontiers in Immunology·Rafael de Freitas E Silva, Esther von Stebut
Apr 23, 2021·Acta Parasitologica·Nazih A BizriAbdul Rahman Bizri
Apr 24, 2021·Parasite Epidemiology and Control·Hasan JalaliNasibeh Hosseini-Vasoukolaei
May 1, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Alberto A Robles-LoaizaJosé R Almeida
Sep 19, 2020·International Journal of Infectious Diseases : IJID : Official Publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases·Reza SaberiAbouzar Bagheri
Jun 3, 2021·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Chonny Herrera-AcevedoEricsson Coy-Barrera
Aug 26, 2021·Parasite Epidemiology and Control·Alireza Sanei-DehkordiHadi Mirzaei
Aug 27, 2021·International Journal of Infectious Diseases : IJID : Official Publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases·Farhad Ali KhattakTaj Ali Khan
Sep 4, 2021·Journal of Parasitic Diseases : Official Organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology·Reza ShafieiSaber Raeghi

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Methods Mentioned

BETA
PCR

Software Mentioned

GIS
ArcGIS

Related Concepts