The geography of sex: sexual conflict, environmental gradients and local loss of sex in facultatively parthenogenetic animals

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
Nathan W Burke, Russell Bonduriansky

Abstract

Obligately asexual organisms tend to occur at higher altitudes or latitudes and occupy larger ranges than their obligately sexual relatives-a phenomenon called geographical parthenogenesis. Some facultatively parthenogenetic organisms that reproduce both sexually and asexually also exhibit spatial variation in reproductive mode. Theory suggests that sexual conflict and mate limitation can determine the relative frequency of sex in facultative parthenogens, but the effect of these dynamics on spatial distributions is unknown. Here, we use individual-based models to investigate whether these dynamics can generate local differences in the reproductive mode in a facultatively parthenogenetic metapopulation occupying an environmental gradient. We find that selection for resistance and high fecundity creates positive epistasis in virgin females between a mutant allele for parthenogenesis and alleles for resistance, resulting in female-biased sex ratios and higher resistance and coercion towards the productive 'core' of the metapopulation. However, steeper environmental gradients, which lead to lower density and less mating at the 'edge', generate female bias without promoting coercion or resistance. Our analysis shows that local adap...Continue Reading

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Citations

Aug 29, 2018·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences·Tim ConnallonXiang-Yi Li
Aug 14, 2020·Ecology and Evolution·Sebastián I MartelFrancisco Bozinovic
Aug 18, 2020·Integrative and Comparative Biology·Karachiwalla ZulekhaBurns Mercedes

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