The gonadotropin-releasing hormone system: Perspectives from reproduction to cancer (Review)

International Journal of Oncology
Arturo Aguilar-RojasGuadalupe Maya-Núñez

Abstract

Recently, an increasing amount of evidence indicates that human gonadotropin-releasing hormone (hGnRH) and its receptor (hGnRHR) are important regulatory components not only to the reproduction process but also in the regulation of some cancer cell functions such as cell proliferation, in both hormone-dependent and -independent types of tumors. The hGnRHR is a naturally misfolded protein that is retained mostly in the endoplasmic reticulum; however, this mechanism can be overcome by treatment with several pharmacoperones, therefore, increasing the amount of receptors in the cell membrane. In addition, several reports indicate that the expression level of hGnRHR in tumor cells is even lower than in pituitary or gonadotrope cells. The signal transduction pathways activated by hGnRH in both gonadotrope and different cancer cell types are described in the present review. We also discuss how the rescue of misfolded receptors in tumor cells could be a promising strategy for cancer therapy.

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Citations

Feb 27, 2018·Epigenomics·Guochao LiYingli Sun
Dec 9, 2016·Omics : a Journal of Integrative Biology·Savita JayaramRavi Sirdeshmukh
Sep 11, 2019·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Eszter LajkóLászló Kőhidai
Oct 22, 2019·Frontiers in Oncology·Maira Huerta-ReyesArturo Aguilar-Rojas
Dec 18, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Fabrizio FontanaPatrizia Limonta
Aug 3, 2019·Gynecologic Oncology Reports·Tadaharu NakasoneYoichi Aoki

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