The graying of personality disorders: persistent, but different

The Consultant Pharmacist : the Journal of the American Society of Consultant Pharmacists
Guido R Zanni

Abstract

Personality disorders are pervasive, inflexible, and maladaptive. Ten personality disorders are recognized as falling into one of three clusters. Cluster A is characterized by odd and eccentric behavior and includes paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal disorders. Cluster B is characterized by dramatic and erratic behavior and includes antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic disorders. Cluster C is characterized by anxiety and fearfulness and includes avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive disorders. Cormorbidity with other psychiatric diagnoses is common. Personality disorders persist throughout the life span, but their manifestations and severity change with age. Treatment consists of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy that focuses on minimizing functional impairment.

References

Jun 23, 2000·Journal of Anxiety Disorders·F L CoolidgeS Stewart
Mar 10, 2001·Journal of Personality Disorders·F L CoolidgeK L Jang
Apr 6, 2004·Journal of Personality Disorders·Paul J Markovitz
Nov 9, 2005·Journal of Personality Disorders·Andrew E SkodolRobert L Stout
Dec 29, 2005·Journal of Affective Disorders·Marnin J HeiselYeates Conwell

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Citations

Sep 3, 2010·European Psychiatry : the Journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists·P HøglendJ C Perry
Sep 10, 2013·The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry : Official Journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry·Sarah M RaposoTracie O Afifi
Jan 27, 2015·Current Psychiatry Reports·Alice Diedrich, Ulrich Voderholzer

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