The gut microbiota: A new target in the management of alcohol dependence?

Alcohol
Sophie LeclercqPhilippe de Timary

Abstract

The gastrointestinal tract is the natural habitat for a huge community of microorganisms, comprising bacteria, viruses, fungi and yeast. This microbial ecosystem codevelops with the host throughout life and is subject to a complex interplay that depends on multiple factors including host genetics, nutrition, life-style, stress, diseases and antibiotics use. The gut microbiota, that refers to intestinal bacteria, has profound influence on the host immune system, metabolism and nervous system. Indeed, intestinal bacteria supply the host with essential nutrients such as vitamins, metabolize bile acids and undigested compounds, defend against pathogen invasion, participate to the development of the intestinal architecture and the intestinal immune system and play an important role in the maintenance of the gut barrier function. More recently, the gut microbiota has been shown to influence brain functions, such as myelin synthesis, the blood-brain barrier permeability and neuroinflammatory responses but also mood and behavior. The cross-talk between microbes and the host implicates a vast array of signaling pathways that involve many different classes of molecules like metabolites produced by the bacteria from dietary or endogenous ...Continue Reading

Citations

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Aug 11, 2020·Visceral Medicine·Stephen Malnick, Yaakov Maor
Nov 30, 2021·Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology : the Official Journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology·Xiangqian LiuSulie L Chang

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