PMID: 7542855May 31, 1995Paper

The hepatitis nucleocapsid as a vaccine carrier moiety

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
D R MilichF Schödel

Abstract

The "carrier effect," defined as the provision of T cell recognition sites physically linked to B cell epitopes in order to provide Th cell function for antibody synthesis, is well known. Peptides, proteins, and more recently particulate protein antigens have been used for this purpose. The hepatitis B core antigen represents a highly immunogenic antigen in humans as well as in experimental animal models. Studies in mice have provided insight into this enhanced immunogenicity. For example, HBcAg directly activates B cells (i.e., T cell independence), HBcAg elicits strong T cell responses, and HBcAg is efficiently processed and presented by antigen presenting cells (APCs). These characteristics suggested that HBcAg may be an ideal carrier moiety for B cell epitopes requiring additional Th cell function. Therefore, a number of HBV and non-HBV B cell epitopes have been chemically linked or fused by recombinant methods to HBcAg as a method to increase immunogenicity with significant success. We have designed bacterial expression vectors that allow insertion of heterologous B cell epitopes at various positions within HBcAg particles and permit efficient purification of hybrid HBcAg particles. Studies of positional effects have demon...Continue Reading

References

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Citations

Jul 27, 1999·Vaccine·J N Wilson, D J Nokes
Mar 23, 2000·FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology·E Medina, C A Guzmán
Oct 18, 2005·Journal of Virology·Jean-Noel BillaudDavid Milich
Jun 16, 2004·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Martin L KoserMatthias J Schnell
Aug 5, 1998·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·T FehrR M Zinkernagel
Mar 3, 1999·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·P A KratzM Nassal
Dec 4, 2009·Amino Acids·Michiel Etienne JanssensYves Guisez
Mar 22, 2005·Journal of Immunological Methods·Inna G OvsyannikovaGregory A Poland
Jun 5, 2007·Expert Review of Vaccines·Bryce Chackerian
Nov 1, 2008·The Biochemical Journal·Wenxin LuoNingshao Xia

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