The hidden costs of dietary restriction: Implications for its evolutionary and mechanistic origins

Science Advances
Andrew W McCrackenMirre J P Simons

Abstract

Dietary restriction (DR) extends life span across taxa. Despite considerable research, universal mechanisms of DR have not been identified, limiting its translational potential. Guided by the conviction that DR evolved as an adaptive, pro-longevity physiological response to food scarcity, biomedical science has interpreted DR as an activator of pro-longevity molecular pathways. Current evolutionary theory predicts that organisms invest in their soma during DR, and thus when resource availability improves, should outcompete rich-fed controls in survival and/or reproduction. Testing this prediction in Drosophila melanogaster (N > 66,000 across 11 genotypes), our experiments revealed substantial, unexpected mortality costs when flies returned to a rich diet following DR. The physiological effects of DR should therefore not be interpreted as intrinsically pro-longevity, acting via somatic maintenance. We suggest DR could alternatively be considered an escape from costs incurred under nutrient-rich conditions, in addition to costs associated with DR.

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Citations

Jul 9, 2020·BioEssays : News and Reviews in Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology·Joshua P MoattCraig A Walling
May 27, 2020·Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic Disorders·Roberto VettorMarco Rossato
Apr 23, 2020·Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity·Yawen ZengJiazhen Yang
Mar 27, 2020·Biology Letters·Roy Z Moger-ReischerJay T Lennon
Oct 29, 2020·The Journal of Experimental Biology·Andrew W McCrackenMirre J P Simons
Apr 14, 2021·Current Opinion in Genetics & Development·Ben R Hopkins, Artyom Kopp
May 13, 2021·Proceedings. Biological Sciences·Edward R Ivimey-CookAlexei A Maklakov
Aug 1, 2021·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Libia Alejandra García-FloresJohn R Speakman
Sep 29, 2021·Experimental Gerontology·Emerson SantiagoMurat Acar

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