PMID: 6397467Jan 1, 1984Paper

The higher order structure of chromatin and histone H1

Journal of Cell Science. Supplement
J O Thomas

Abstract

The basic chromatin fibre (the 10 nm diameter fibre) is a linear repeating array of nucleosomes, or nucleosome filament. The core of each disk-like nucleosome is a wedge-shaped protein octamer containing two molecules of each of the four core histones (H3, H4, H2A and H2B) around which two turns of DNA are wound in a left-handed superhelix with about 80 base-pairs per turn. The two turns are sealed by a molecule of the fifth histone H1 (or H5 in nucleated erythrocytes). The linker DNA that connects one two-turn particle to the next varies from essentially zero to about 80 base-pairs in chromatins from different sources. The exact significance of this variation is unclear. Interphase chromatin exists largely in the form of 30 nm fibres. Folding of the nucleosome filament into very similar 30 nm fibres, which is H1-dependent, occurs in vitro in the presence of monovalent cations or much lower concentrations of divalent cations. These higher-order structures probably arise by helical coiling of the nucleosome filament into a solenoid. Systematic studies of chromatin folding in solution, for a range of chromatin fragment sizes and ionic strengths, reveal two discontinuities in behaviour that reflect two structural transitions. One ...Continue Reading

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