The holistic claims of the biopsychosocial conception of WHO's International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF): a conceptual analysis on the basis of a pluralistic-holistic ontology and multidimensional view of the human being

The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy
Hans Magnus Solli, António Barbosa da Silva

Abstract

The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), designed by the WHO, attempts to provide a holistic model of functioning and disability by integrating a medical model with a social one. The aim of this article is to analyze the ICF's claim to holism. The following components of the ICF's complexity are analyzed: (1) health condition, (2) body functions and structures, (3) activity, (4) participation, (5) environmental factors, (6) personal factors, and (7) health. Although the ICF claims to be holistic, it presupposes a monistic materialistic ontology. We indicate some limitations of this ontology, proposing instead: (a) a pluralistic-holistic ontology (PHO) and (b) a multidimensional view of the human being, with individual and environmental aspects, in relation to three levels of reality implied by the PHO. For the ICF to attain its holistic claim, the interactions between its components should be based on (a) and (b).

References

May 1, 1980·The American Journal of Psychiatry·G L Engel
Aug 29, 2003·Disability and Rehabilitation·Lennart Nordenfelt
Dec 15, 2006·Disability and Rehabilitation·Lennart Nordenfelt
Oct 24, 2007·Experimental Physiology·Denis Noble

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Citations

Oct 13, 2015·Burns : Journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries·Zhengjia RenDahai Hu
Apr 27, 2016·Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research : JSLHR·J Mirjam Boeschen HospersSophia E Kramer
Aug 23, 2020·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Laia SubiratsManuel Armayones

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