The hydrophobic coatings of plant surfaces: epicuticular wax crystals and their morphologies, crystallinity and molecular self-assembly

Micron : the International Research and Review Journal for Microscopy
Kerstin Koch, Hans-Jürgen Ensikat

Abstract

Plant surfaces are the interfaces of the organisms with respect to their environment. In the micro-dimension they show an enormous variety of functional three-dimensional structures. Their materials and structures developed over millions of years by evolutionary processes in which their functionality has been proven and selected by environmental pressures. As a result, nature developed highly functional materials with several amazing properties like superhydrophobicity and superhydrophilicity. These functional structures are built up by a complex biopolymer called cuticle. The cuticle is mainly composed of a three-dimensional network of cutin, and integrated and superimposed lipids called "waxes". Superimposed waxes are also called "epicuticular waxes". Epicuticular waxes often form two- and three-dimensional structures, in dimensions between hundreds of nanometers and some micrometers, which influence the wettability, self-cleaning behaviour and the light reflection at the cuticle interface. This review gives a brief introduction into the functions of the plant epicuticular waxes and summarises the current knowledge about their morphologies, crystal structures, growth by self-assembly and provides an overview about the microsc...Continue Reading

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