The hypocretin (orexin) system: from a neural circuitry perspective.

Neuropharmacology
Shi-Bin Li, Luis de Lecea

Abstract

Hypocretin/orexin neurons are distributed restrictively in the hypothalamus, a brain region known to orchestrate diverse functions including sleep, reward processing, food intake, thermogenesis, and mood. Since the hypocretins/orexins were discovered more than two decades ago, extensive studies have accumulated concrete evidence showing the pivotal role of hypocretin/orexin in diverse neural modulation. New method of viral-mediated tracing system offers the possibility to map the monosynaptic inputs and detailed anatomical connectivity of Hcrt neurons. With the development of powerful research techniques including optogenetics, fiber-photometry, cell-type/pathway specific manipulation and neuronal activity monitoring, as well as single-cell RNA sequencing, the details of how hypocretinergic system execute functional modulation of various behaviors are coming to light. In this review, we focus on the function of neural pathways from hypocretin neurons to target brain regions. Anatomical and functional inputs to hypocretin neurons are also discussed. We further briefly summarize the development of pharmaceutical compounds targeting hypocretin signaling. This article is part of the special issue on Neuropeptides.

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Citations

Jun 13, 2020·Nature·Sinisa HrvatinMichael E Greenberg
Jun 26, 2020·Frontiers in Endocrinology·Miguel LópezCarlos Diéguez
Apr 9, 2020·The Journal of Comparative Neurology·Hannah BruguierZoltán Molnár
Oct 1, 2020·The Journal of Physiology·Lukasz ChrobokMarian Henryk Lewandowski
Feb 9, 2021·Topics in Companion Animal Medicine·Alejandra MondinoGiancarlo Vanini
Jun 15, 2021·Neuroscience·Victor P M N SoaresRafael C Almada
Aug 1, 2021·Brain Research·Lukasz ChrobokMarian Henryk Lewandowski
Aug 28, 2021·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Couvineau AlainVoisin Thierry
Aug 28, 2021·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Lukasz ChrobokMarian Henryk Lewandowski
Jul 6, 2021·Metabolic Brain Disease·Idris A AzeezJames O Olopade
Sep 18, 2021·FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology·Lukasz ChrobokMarian Henryk Lewandowski

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