PMID: 9191672May 1, 1997Paper

The immune microenvironment of human fracture/soft-tissue hematomas and its relationship to systemic immunity

The Journal of Trauma
C J HauserJ L Hughes

Abstract

The immune environment of human soft-tissue injury is unstudied. We studied fracture soft-tissue hematomas (FxSTH) in 56 patients with high-energy bony fractures. FxSTH serum and mononuclear cells (MNC) as well as fracture patient plasma and blood MNC were studied. Twenty healthy controls donated plasma and MNC. Soluble tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL-1 beta, IL-2, 6, 8, 10, 12, and interferon-gamma were studied by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Cells were studied by flow cytometry after cell-membrane stains for CD-14, TNF-alpha (mTNF), and human leukocyte antigen-DR, or intracellular stains for TNF (icTNF) and IL-10. Thirty-six patients with Injury Severity Score < 15 were analyzed further to evaluate the effects of isolated fracture on systemic immunity. Cytokines were rarely detectable in control plasma. TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-2, and interferon-gamma were rarely found in FxSTH serum or fracture patient plasma. All FxSTH sera were rich in IL-6, peaking before 48 hours (12,538 +/- 4,153 vs. 3,494 +/- 909 pg/mL, p = 0.02, U test). In Injury Severity Score < 15, IL-6 was not detectable in most early fracture patient plasma, but rose after 48 hours (p = 0.028). FxSTH serum IL-8 peaked after 48 hours (440 ...Continue Reading

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