PMID: 8988858Nov 1, 1996Paper

The immune system of ectothermic vertebrates

Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology
M F Flajnik

Abstract

The adaptive immune system, as defined by T cell receptors, immunoglobulins, and the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), has been described definitively at the level of teleost fish. Cartilaginous fish, which display many of the hallmarks of such an adaptive system, nevertheless have several features of their responses that seem primitive. Data are presented suggesting that some adaptive mechanisms in cartilaginous fish, including MHC restriction and somatic diversification, are present to the same "degree' as compared to mammals, and that these animals may possess other molecules and functions previously overlooked. MHC linkage studies in amphibians suggest that the entire genetic complex, including class I, class II, and class III genes, arose early in the vertebrate line (at least 350 x 10(6) years ago) and has been maintained intact, at least for those genes involved in immunity. Studies of MHC in polyploid Xenopus have demonstrated that there is a maximal number of expressed MHC genes 'permitted' to be expressed in any individual, regardless of the number of potential MHC-bearing chromosomes present in the species. A speculative hypothesis is presented on the origins of adaptive immunity based on ectothermic models.

References

Jan 1, 1990·Developmental Immunology·L Du Pasquier, M F Flajnik
Feb 1, 1990·Immunological Reviews·M F Flajnik, L Du Pasquier
Mar 31, 1995·Science·G A BentleyR A Mariuzza
Jan 1, 1994·Immunogenetics·L Salter-CidM F Flajnik
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Jan 1, 1995·Critical Reviews in Immunology·L Salter-Cid, M F Flajnik
Jan 1, 1987·Immunology Today·M F FlajnikL D Pasquier

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Citations

Mar 31, 2000·Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters·D A HeerdingP K Bhatnagar
Oct 18, 2008·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences·Benno WoelfingThomas Boehm
Aug 4, 2004·Genome Research·Riza Daza-VamentaDaniel E Geraghty
May 13, 1999·Immunological Reviews·M F FlajnikM Nonaka
Aug 12, 2004·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·V A StreltsovS D Nuttall
Oct 17, 2001·Developmental and Comparative Immunology·B Dixon, R J Stet
Aug 28, 2010·Molecular Immunology·Samuel T WorkenheFrederick S B Kibenge
Apr 21, 2010·Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part D, Genomics & Proteomics·Feng LiuJiale Li
Jun 10, 2009·Molecular Immunology·F Gambón-DezaS Magadán-Mompó
Dec 10, 2008·Developmental and Comparative Immunology·Patrick C HaningtonMiodrag Belosevic
Jun 8, 2018·Journal of Wildlife Diseases·Matthew C AllenderKaren A Terio
Jan 23, 2018·Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part A, Ecological and Integrative Physiology·Sean P GrahamMary T Mendonça
Dec 6, 2017·Journal of Anatomy·Robson Campos GutierreMizue Imoto Egami

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