The Impact of Cation Intercalation on the Electronic Structure of Ti3C2Tx MXenes in Sulfuric Acid

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
Ameer Al-TemimyTristan Petit

Abstract

Intercalation in Ti3C2Tx MXene is essential for a diverse set of applications such as water purification, desalination, electrochemical energy storage and sensing. The interlayer spacing between the Ti3C2Tx nanosheets can be controlled by cation intercalation, however, the impact of intercalation on the Ti3C2Tx MXene chemical and electronic structures has been poorly investigated so far. Herein, we characterized the electronic structure of pristine, Li-, Na-, K-, and Mg-intercalated Ti3C2Tx MXenes dispersed initially in water and diluted sulfuric acid (H2SO4) using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The cation intercalation is found to dramatically influence the chemical environment of Ti atoms. The Ti oxidation of the MXene increases progressively upon intercalation of ions of larger sizes after drying in air, while a low Ti oxidation is observed for all intercalated MXenes after dispersion in H2SO4. In situ XAS at the Ti L-edge was conducted during electrochemical oxidation to probe the changes in the Ti oxidation state in the presence of different cations in H2SO4 aqueous electrolyte. By applying the sensitivity of the Ti L-edge to probe the oxidation state of Ti atoms, we demonstrate that cation-intercalation and H2SO4 en...Continue Reading

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