The impact of exercise and nutrition on the regulation of skeletal muscle mass

The Journal of Physiology
Chris McGloryStuart M Phillips

Abstract

The maintenance of skeletal muscle mass and strength throughout life is a key determinant of human health and well-being. There is a gradual loss of both skeletal muscle mass and strength with ageing (a process termed sarcopenia) that increases the risk of functional dependence, morbidity and mortality. Understanding the factors that regulate the size of human muscle mass, particularly during the later years of life, has therefore become an area of intense scientific inquiry. The amount of muscle mass is determined by coordinated changes in muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and muscle protein breakdown (MPB). In this review, we assess both classical and contemporary work that has examined how resistance exercise and nutrition impact on MPS and MPB. Special consideration is given to the role of different sources of dietary protein (food vs. supplements) and non-protein nutrients such as omega-3 fatty acids in regulating MPS. We also critically evaluate recent studies that have employed novel 'omic' technologies such as dynamic protein profiling to probe for changes in rates of MPS and MPB at the individual protein level following exercise. Finally, we provide suggestions for future research that we hope will yield important informa...Continue Reading

References

Nov 1, 1981·Clinical Science·M J RennieD J Millward
May 1, 1997·The Journal of Nutrition·I H Rosenberg
Jul 1, 1997·The American Journal of Physiology·S M PhillipsR R Wolfe
Jul 1, 1997·The American Journal of Physiology·G BioloR R Wolfe
Feb 24, 2004·Annual Review of Physiology·Michael J RennieFrank W Booth
Dec 15, 2004·FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology·Daniel CuthbertsonMichael J Rennie
May 9, 2006·Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise·Tabatha A ElliotKevin D Tipton
May 29, 2008·European Journal of Nutrition·Niels Peter MöllerJürgen Schrezenmeir
Jun 26, 2008·American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism·P L GreenhaffM J Rennie
Dec 6, 2008·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·Daniel R MooreStuart M Phillips
Dec 19, 2008·Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise·Oliver C WitardRené Koopman
Aug 25, 2009·Journal of the American Dietetic Association·T Brock SymonsDouglas Paddon-Jones
Sep 11, 2009·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·Emilie A WilkesMichael J Rennie
Nov 10, 2009·Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care·Kirk L English, Douglas Paddon-Jones
Dec 17, 2010·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·Gordon I SmithBettina Mittendorfer
Jun 28, 2011·Clinical Nutrition : Official Journal of the European Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition·Nicolas TardifStéphane Walrand
Jan 6, 2012·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·Cintia L N RodackiLuiz Cléudio Fernandes
May 25, 2012·Biology of Sex Differences·Gordon I SmithBettina Mittendorfer
Feb 27, 2013·Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism = Physiologie Appliquée, Nutrition Et Métabolisme·Meghann J RobinsonStuart M Phillips
Jul 23, 2013·Journal of the American Medical Directors Association·Jürgen BauerYves Boirie
Apr 15, 2014·Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and Essential Fatty Acids·Chris McGloryKevin D Tipton
Jul 25, 2014·The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences·Daniel R MooreStuart M Phillips
May 1, 2015·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·Stuart M PhillipsConnie M Weaver
May 23, 2015·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·Gordon I SmithBettina Mittendorfer
May 24, 2015·European Journal of Pharmacology·Tim Y HouRobert S Chapkin
Dec 15, 2015·The Journal of Clinical Investigation·Mahalakshmi ShankaranMarc K Hellerstein
Dec 31, 2015·American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism·Mahalakshmi ShankaranWilliam J Evans
Jan 16, 2016·Journal of Korean Medical Science·Hong Man ChoMi Joung Yoo
Feb 18, 2016·European Journal of Cancer : Official Journal for European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) [and] European Association for Cancer Research (EACR)·Shlomit Strulov ShacharTomohiro F Nishijima
Feb 6, 2017·Osteoporosis International : a Journal Established As Result of Cooperation Between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA·F LandiE Marzetti
Mar 11, 2017·European Journal of Applied Physiology·Paul T ReidyBlake B Rasmussen

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Jul 4, 2019·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·Grant M TinsleyMegan R Cruz
Nov 7, 2019·Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews·Evelyn B ParrJohn A Hawley
May 26, 2020·Sports Medicine·Andy J KingJohn A Hawley
May 29, 2020·Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition·James R KomorowskiKazim Sahin
Sep 12, 2019·Einstein·Carina de Sousa Santos, Fabrício Expedito Lopes Nascimento
Jul 8, 2020·Nature Reviews. Endocrinology·Sean L McGee, Mark Hargreaves
Oct 14, 2018·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·David M Thomson
Jan 2, 2019·Archives of Pharmacal Research·Seong Yeon HwangNam Deuk Kim
Oct 13, 2018·Pflügers Archiv : European journal of physiology·Marc Francaux, Louise Deldicque
Jul 24, 2020·European Journal of Applied Physiology·Samuel Domingos SoligonCleiton Augusto Libardi
Dec 18, 2020·Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care·Emily J FergusonChris McGlory
Jan 6, 2021·Endocrinology and Metabolism·Tam DaoDongryeol Ryu
Aug 1, 2020·Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology·Maria Dolors SansJohn A Williams
Aug 7, 2021·Clinical Nutrition : Official Journal of the European Society of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition·Hamilton RoschelBruno Gualano
Aug 11, 2021·Nutrients·David McCarthy, Aloys Berg
Aug 28, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Francesca LatinoFrancesco Fischetti
Sep 14, 2021·Sports Medicine·Caoileann H Murphy, Chris McGlory
Dec 7, 2021·Frontiers in Nutrition·Sarah HubnerKarsten Koehler

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.