The impact of microglia-derived cytokines upon gliosis in the CNS

Developmental Neuroscience
D GiulianP A Rutecki

Abstract

Injury to the CNS elicits a complex cellular response involving both astrocytes and microglia. Reactive glial populations make up the so-called 'glial scar' that has long been implicated as a barrier to axonal regeneration or as a causal factor in the genesis of epilepsy. Using in vitro models involving highly enriched populations of brain cells we have observed that astroglial growth is regulated in part by an immunomodulatory growth factor, or cytokine, called interleukin-1 (IL-1). A second cytokine, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) serves as a potent microglial mitogen and regulator of the microglial component of the glial scar. Employing cytokines as tools to manipulate reactive gliosis, we found that IL-1 supported neuronal growth by action upon astroglia, while GM-CSF initiated epileptic-like discharges through mechanisms involving reactive microglia. We propose that a 'cytokine network' involving IL-1 and GM-CSF mediates the composition of glial scars at sites of CNS injury; these reactive glia, in turn, influence the survival and function of neighboring neurons.

Citations

Nov 1, 1996·Journal of Biomedical Science·D.L. Kolson, R.J. Pomerantz
Jan 4, 2012·Journal of Neural Transmission·Mahesh Ramalingam, Sung-Jin Kim
Oct 1, 1995·International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the International Society for Developmental Neuroscience·D SampathJ R Perez-Polo
Jun 11, 1999·The American Journal of Pathology·D W Dickson
Apr 1, 1997·Neurochemistry International·W E MaierG J Harry
Dec 22, 2000·Progress in Neurobiology·J L Jankowsky, P H Patterson
Oct 29, 1998·Mediators of Inflammation·V A VincentA M Van Dam
Dec 22, 2009·Journal of Neuroinflammation·Jieun ChoiSookyong Koh
Dec 5, 2013·Toxicological Sciences : an Official Journal of the Society of Toxicology·Joseph M HerndonTerrence J Monks
Aug 11, 2011·The International Journal of Neuroscience·Sarika SinghChandishwar Nath
Feb 19, 2008·International Immunopharmacology·Long Tai ZhengKyoungho Suk
Apr 4, 2015·Mediators of Inflammation·D PetersonS Marshall-Gradisnik
Jun 29, 2007·Physiology & Behavior·Marianne SchultzbergMircea Oprica
Dec 21, 2006·International Immunopharmacology·Dong-Oh MoonGi-Young Kim
Apr 11, 2012·Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part a·Aryeh H TaubYosi Shacham-Diamand
Oct 7, 2004·Brain Research·Rommy von Bernhardi, Jaime Eugenín
Dec 2, 2004·European Neuropsychopharmacology : the Journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology·Krzysztof LabuzekZbigniew S Herman

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Astrocytes in Repair & Regeneration

Astrocytes are glial cells found within the CNS and are able to regenerate new neurons. They become activated during CNS injury and disease. The activation leads to the transcription of new genes and the repair and regeneration of neurons. Discover the latest research on astrocytes in repair and regeneration here.

Astrocytes

Astrocytes are glial cells that support the blood-brain barrier, facilitate neurotransmission, provide nutrients to neurons, and help repair damaged nervous tissues. Here is the latest research.