The impact of physician migration on mortality in low and middle-income countries: an economic modelling study.

BMJ Global Health
Saurabh SalujaMark G Shrime

Abstract

The WHO estimates a global shortage of 2.8 million physicians, with severe deficiencies especially in low and middle-income countries (LMIC). The unequitable distribution of physicians worldwide is further exacerbated by the migration of physicians from LMICs to high-income countries (HIC). This large-scale migration has numerous economic consequences which include increased mortality associated with inadequate physician supply in LMICs. We estimate the economic cost for LMICs due to excess mortality associated with physician migration. To do so, we use the concept of a value of statistical life and marginal mortality benefit provided by physicians. Uncertainty of our estimates is evaluated with Monte Carlo analysis. We estimate that LMICs lose US$15.86 billion (95% CI $3.4 to $38.2) annually due to physician migration to HICs. The greatest total costs are incurred by India, Nigeria, Pakistan and South Africa. When these costs are considered as a per cent of gross national income, the cost is greatest in the WHO African region and in low-income countries. The movement of physicians from lower to higher income settings has substantial economic consequences. These are not simply the result of the movement of human capital, but al...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 2, 2021·Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology·Johannes J Fagan
Jul 30, 2021·Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health·Sebastian Suarez
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