PMID: 9547766Apr 21, 1998Paper

The impact of prenatal drug exposure on the neonate

Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America
C L WagnerR M Ryan

Abstract

Several social or recreational drugs singly or together have demonstrated effects on the fetus and neonate, with those effects extending into adulthood. The use of recreational drugs during pregnancy remains a major health problem, with adverse effects including higher rates of fetal distress and demise, lower Apgar scores, growth retardation, and adverse neurodevelopmental outcome. Ethanol has the most profound effects, with physical stigmata of the drug seen in one third of exposed infants. In children without the affected physical appearance, profound neurodevelopmental sequelae have been demonstrated. Other drugs, such as cocaine, heroin, amphetamines, and nicotine, have been associated with impaired fetal growth and acute withdrawal during the neonatal period. Subsequently, these infants and children have an increased risk for altered neurodevelopment and long-term health status. Long-term follow-up and assessment are essential. The risk of neonatal withdrawal or abstinence syndrome is greatest with narcotic drugs but has been found to occur in neonates following exposure to cocaine, nicotine, and amphetamines. Early treatment with tincture of opium, paregoric, or phenobarbital is crucial. Assessment of the overall health ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Dec 12, 2012·Pediatric Radiology·Juliane Lucca, Matteo Baldisserotto
Sep 26, 2003·Journal of Clinical Anesthesia·Krzysztof M Kuczkowski
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