The Impact of Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs on U.S. Opioid Prescriptions

The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics : a Journal of the American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics
Ian Ayres, Amen Jalal

Abstract

This paper seeks to understand the treatment effect of Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs (PDMPs) on opioid prescription rates. Using county-level panel data on all opioid prescriptions in the U.S. between 2006 and 2015, we investigate whether state interventions like PDMPs have heterogeneous treatment effects at the sub-state level, based on regional and temporal variations in policy design, extent of urbanization, race, and income. Our models comprehensively control for a set of county and time fixed effects, countyspecific and time-varying demographic controls, potentially endogenous time-series trends in prescription rates, and other state-level opioid interventions such as Naloxone Access and Good Samaritan laws, Medicaid expansion, and the provision of Methadone Assistance Treatment. We find that PDMPs are only effective in reducing prescription rates if they obligate doctors to check for patients' history prior to filling out a prescription, but the frequency at which a state requires its PDMP to be updated is irrelevant to its effectiveness. Moreover, the significant treatment effects of PDMPs are almost exclusively driven by urban and predominantly white counties, with the relatively more affluent regions showing gr...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 28, 2019·PloS One·Brea L PerryJeffery Talbert
Aug 28, 2018·The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics : a Journal of the American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics·Catherine Martinez
Aug 28, 2018·The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics : a Journal of the American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics·Keturah James, Ayana Jordan
Aug 28, 2018·The Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics : a Journal of the American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics·Andrew M ParkerDavid A Fiellin
May 25, 2020·The International Journal on Drug Policy·Alex Stevens
Jan 3, 2021·Drug and Alcohol Dependence·Heather D MartinSue S Feldman
Apr 23, 2021·Health Services & Outcomes Research Methodology·Megan S SchulerElizabeth A Stuart
Jul 23, 2020·Journal of Infection and Public Health·Fahd AlogailiNordiana Ahmad Kharman Shah
Feb 3, 2022·Drug and Alcohol Review·Dimi HoppeHanan Khalil

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