PMID: 6169352Aug 1, 1981Paper

The implications of procainamide metabolism to its induction of lupus

Arthritis and Rheumatism
Jack UetrechtR L Woosley

Abstract

The principal metabolic pathway of procainamide leads to formation of the less toxic N-acetyl-procainamide and the rapid acetylator phenotype is associated with a lower incidence of procainamide-induced lupus. Another metabolic pathway forms a reactive metabolite which causes revertants in the Ames test and covalently binds to microsomal protein. A study of the metabolism of procainamide revealed three metabolites that have not been previously described. A comparison of the metabolites of N-acetylprocainamide with those of procainamide suggests possibilities for the identity of the reactive metabolite. The hypotheses to be discussed explore the relationships between the formation of a reactive metabolite and the induction of lupus.

References

Aug 1, 1979·Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology·R W FreemanR D Harbison
Sep 20, 1975·British Medical Journal·D M DaviesM D Rawlins
May 1, 1977·Clinical Pharmacokinetics·P K LundeV Hansteen
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Mar 1, 1981·Clinical Pharmacokinetics·J P Uetrecht, R L Woosley

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Citations

Jan 1, 1990·Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis·J F WheelerW R Heineman
Oct 1, 1985·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·C C HarrisW E Wright
Oct 1, 1983·Pediatric Dermatology·N H Shear, S P Spielberg
Mar 12, 2013·Pharmacological Reviews·Jack Uetrecht, Dean J Naisbitt
Feb 18, 2011·Molecular Medicine·Christopher M ReillyNilamadhab Mishra
Mar 1, 1985·Arthritis and Rheumatism·C L Yu, M Ziff
Jul 1, 1985·The American Journal of the Medical Sciences·J J Cush, E A Goldings

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