The importance of being isomeric

Clinical Anatomy : Official Journal of the American Association of Clinical Anatomists & the British Association of Clinical Anatomists
Robert H AndersonDiane E Spicer

Abstract

In the normal individual, the parietal components of the body are mirror-imaged and appropriately described as isomeric. The thoraco-abdominal organs, in contrast, are lateralized. However, in "visceral heterotaxy," the thoraco-abdominal organs also show some degree of isomerism, best seen in the arrangement of the bronchial tree. Whether isomerism can be found within the heart remains controversial. One of two recent publications in this journal emphasized the crucial features of bronchial isomerism; the other, in contrast, confused the situation of isomerism within the heart. In this review, we show how the topic of cardiac isomerism is clarified by concentrating on the anatomical features of the cardiac components and determining how best they can be described. Appropriate manipulation of developing mice produces unequivocal evidence of isomerism of the atrial appendages, but with no evidence of ventricular isomerism. In hearts from patients with so-called "heterotaxy," only the atrial appendages, distinguished on the basis of the pectinate muscles lining their walls, are uniformly isomeric, permitting the syndrome to be differentiated into the subsets of left as opposed to right atrial appendage isomerism. Thus, controversi...Continue Reading

References

Oct 15, 1995·The American Journal of Cardiology·H UemuraR H Anderson
Sep 1, 1995·The Annals of Thoracic Surgery·H UemuraR H Anderson
Sep 25, 2003·Physiological Reviews·Antoon F M Moorman, Vincent M Christoffels
Oct 12, 2004·Nature Genetics·Simon D BamforthShoumo Bhattacharya
Jun 22, 2007·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences·Antoon F M MoormanMaurice J B van den Hoff
Feb 22, 2008·Cardiology in the Young·Jeffrey P JacobsMartin J Elliott
Dec 12, 2012·Journal of Cardiovascular Translational Research·Diane E Spicer, Robert H Anderson
Jan 24, 2014·Clinical Anatomy : Official Journal of the American Association of Clinical Anatomists & the British Association of Clinical Anatomists·Candace WootenMarios Loukas
Jul 22, 2014·Clinical Anatomy : Official Journal of the American Association of Clinical Anatomists & the British Association of Clinical Anatomists·Georgios SpentzourisMarios Loukas

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Citations

Aug 16, 2016·PloS One·Daniel DilgAriane L A Chapgier
Jan 26, 2018·Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease·Marina Campione, Diego Franco

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