The importance of toxoplasma gondii infection in diseases presenting with headaches. Headaches and aseptic meningitis may be manifestations of the Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction

The International Journal of Neuroscience
Joseph Prandota

Abstract

Worldwide, approximately 2 billion people are chronically infected with T. gondii with largely unknown consequences. This review presents clinical symptoms, differential diagnosis, triggering factors, treatment, and pathomechanisms responsible for idiopathic intracranial hypertension, pseudotumor cerebri, and aseptic meningitis. Literature cited in this work illustrates that immune state and other biologic mediator imbalances due to various endogenous and exogenous triggering factors may markedly affect latent central nervous system T. gondii infection/inflammation intensity, and cause reactivation of cerebral toxoplasmosis (CT). Irregularities in pro- and anti-inflammatory processes may markedly disturb the host and/or T. gondii defense mechanisms important for immune control of the parasite thereby manifesting as a wide range of neurologic symptoms and signs observed in some patients with migraine, epilepsy, celiac disease, Henoch-Schönlein purpura, and other brain disorders. This is consistent with reactivation of CT in mice after treatment with dexamethasone associated with depression of type T(H)1 immune response, and development of CT after administration of etanercept or other bioproducts. It seems that various types of ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Sep 1, 2012·Medical Science Monitor : International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research·Helieh S Oz, Thomas Tobin
Nov 20, 2009·The International Journal of Neuroscience·Joseph Prandota
Oct 26, 2013·The Journal of Maternal-fetal & Neonatal Medicine : the Official Journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians·Amir AbdoliFatemeh Ghaffarifar
Sep 25, 2012·Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery·Sandhya Kortagere
Mar 15, 2013·Parasitology International·Kelly Fernandes de Paula RodriguesMarcelo M Pinheiro
Apr 11, 2015·Revista Da Sociedade Brasileira De Medicina Tropical·Vincent Pam GyangChia-Kwung Fan

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