The In Vitro Effects of Enzymatic Digested Gliadin on the Functionality of the Autophagy Process.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
Federico ManaiSergio Comincini

Abstract

Gliadin, the alcohol-soluble protein fraction of wheat, contains the factor toxic for celiac disease (CD), and its toxicity is not reduced by digestion with gastro-pancreatic enzymes. Importantly, it is proved that an innate immunity to gliadin plays a key role in the development of CD. The immune response induces epithelial stress and reprograms intraepithelial lymphocytes into natural killer (NK)-like cells, leading to enterocyte apoptosis and an increase in epithelium permeability. In this contribution, we have reported that in Caco-2 cells the administration of enzymatically digested gliadin (PT-gliadin) reduced significantly the expression of the autophagy-related marker LC3-II. Furthermore, electron and fluorescent microscope analysis suggested a compromised functionality of the autophagosome apparatus. The rescue of the dysregulated autophagy process, along with a reduction of PT-gliadin toxicity, was obtained with a starvation induction protocol and by 3-methyladenine administration, while rapamycin, a well-known autophagy inducer, did not produce a significant improvement in the clearance of extra- and intra-cellular fluorescent PT-gliadin amount. Altogether, our results highlighted the possible contribution of the aut...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 11, 2020·Frontiers in Nutrition·Amaia Jauregi-MiguelJose Ramón Bilbao
Feb 16, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Gaetana PaolellaIvana Caputo
Oct 7, 2021·Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine·Chen YueZhen Tan

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
deamination
electrophoresis
transfection
biopsies
Protein Assay
Assay

Software Mentioned

ImageJ

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