PMID: 25752130Mar 11, 2015Paper

The in vitro refolding of β-barrel outer membrane protein of gram-negative bacteria--a review

Wei sheng wu xue bao = Acta microbiologica Sinica
Xianzhu DaiFeng Luo

Abstract

A cell of gram-negative bacteria is surrounded by two layers of membrane, the inner membrane and the outer membrane. Proteins are the major composition of outer membrane. Many outer membrane proteins carry a trans-membrane β-barrel structure that formed by multiple anti-parallel β-strands connected with hydrogen bonds. These proteins can act as porins, transporters, enzymes, receptors, virulence factors and structural proteins. Therefore, their correct folding and membrane integration are important for the survival of gram-negative bacteria. Most β-barrel outer membrane proteins could be easily expressed recombinantly and refolded in vitro under certain conditions. The in vitro folding processes could be monitored and investigated through many ways, which makes outer membrane proteins become a model system to study the effects of abiotic and biological factors on the folding of membrane proteins. In this article, the research progress on the in vitro refolding of outer membrane proteins are reviewed from the aspects of refolding methods, the factors that affect folding processes and experimental methods. Finally, the research prospects in this field are discussed.

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.