PMID: 9556039Apr 29, 1998Paper

The influence of smoking on maternal serum AFP and free beta hCG levels and the impact on screening for Down syndrome

Prenatal Diagnosis
K Spencer

Abstract

I have studied the impact of maternal smoking on the levels of maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and free beta human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) during the second trimester in a large series (30,727) of self-reported smokers and non-smokers whose pregnancy resulted in the birth of a normal fetus. I have confirmed in a smaller subset of this population that self-reporting is an accurate method of assessing smoking status as confirmed by biochemical (serum cotinine) assessment. In addition, I have investigated marker levels among 195 pregnancies affected by Down syndrome with smoking status confirmed by measurement of serum cotinine. In both unaffected and Down syndrome groups, the incidence of smoking was 19 per cent but a considerable variation was observed with maternal age when the incidence in younger women (under 25) was 32 per cent. AFP median levels in unaffected smokers were 3 per cent higher, whilst in the Down syndrome group smoker medians were increased by 10 per cent compared with the non-smoker group. Free beta hCG levels in unaffected smokers were reduced by 14 per cent, whilst in the Down syndrome group smoker median levels were decreased by 16 per cent. In the smoker group, the Down syndrome detection rate...Continue Reading

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Citations

Nov 13, 2004·Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy·Bojana Brajenović-MilićMiljenko Kapović
Mar 18, 2009·Journal of Perinatal Medicine·Anastasia A VarvarigouNicholas G Beratis
Jul 6, 2014·Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology : the Journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology·F TarquiniG Coata
Jul 5, 2003·BJOG : an International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology·Marko NiemimaaMarkku Ryynänen
Jan 29, 2013·Prenatal Diagnosis·Kevin Spencer, Nicholas J Cowans
Jun 13, 2012·Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology : the Official Journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology·S BallUNKNOWN Danish Fetal Medicine Study Group
Oct 25, 2013·Prenatal Diagnosis·E TimmermanC M Bilardo
Feb 6, 2015·Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology : the Official Journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology·F E BredakiK H Nicolaides
Dec 14, 2011·Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy·Foteini E BredakiKypros H Nicolaides
Jun 15, 2012·The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews·S Kate AlldredZarko Alfirevic
Mar 16, 2017·The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews·S Kate AlldredZarko Alfirevic
Dec 15, 2015·The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews·S Kate AlldredZarko Alfirevic
Dec 1, 2015·The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews·S Kate AlldredZarko Alfirevic
May 18, 1999·Prenatal Diagnosis·E L FerrimanH S Cuckle
Dec 29, 1998·Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology·L Wilkins-Haug
Jan 22, 2005·Prenatal Diagnosis·Howard S CuckleK H Nicolaides
Mar 16, 2017·The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews·S Kate AlldredZarko Alfirevic

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