The influence of speed and size on avian terrestrial locomotor biomechanics: Predicting locomotion in extinct theropod dinosaurs

PloS One
P J BishopC J Clemente

Abstract

How extinct, non-avian theropod dinosaurs moved is a subject of considerable interest and controversy. A better understanding of non-avian theropod locomotion can be achieved by better understanding terrestrial locomotor biomechanics in their modern descendants, birds. Despite much research on the subject, avian terrestrial locomotion remains little explored in regards to how kinematic and kinetic factors vary together with speed and body size. Here, terrestrial locomotion was investigated in twelve species of ground-dwelling bird, spanning a 1,780-fold range in body mass, across almost their entire speed range. Particular attention was devoted to the ground reaction force (GRF), the force that the feet exert upon the ground. Comparable data for the only other extant obligate, striding biped, humans, were also collected and studied. In birds, all kinematic and kinetic parameters examined changed continuously with increasing speed, while in humans all but one of those same parameters changed abruptly at the walk-run transition. This result supports previous studies that show birds to have a highly continuous locomotor repertoire compared to humans, where discrete 'walking' and 'running' gaits are not easily distinguished based o...Continue Reading

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Citations

Nov 30, 2019·The Journal of Experimental Biology·Michael C GranatoskyCallum F Ross
May 24, 2018·The Journal of Experimental Biology·Monica A Daley, Aleksandra Birn-Jeffery
Feb 14, 2020·Bioinspiration & Biomimetics·Özge Drama, Alexander Badri-Spröwitz
Apr 9, 2021·Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part A, Ecological and Integrative Physiology·Michael C GranatoskyDionisios Youlatos
Nov 10, 2021·Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part A, Ecological and Integrative Physiology·Christopher S HannaMichael C Granatosky
Dec 16, 2021·PeerJ·Peter J BishopStephanie E Pierce

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
dissections

Software Mentioned

LabVIEW
caper
BIRDS
smatr
DLTdv5
MATAB
PAST
MATLAB
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