The infrapatellar fat pad and the synovial membrane: an anatomo-functional unit

Journal of Anatomy
Veronica MacchiRaffaele De Caro

Abstract

The infrapatellar pad, a fibro-adipose tissue with peculiar microscopic and mechanical features, is gaining wide attention in the field of rheumatological research. The purpose of this descriptive review is to summarize the most recent published evidence on the anatomic, physiologic and biomechanical inter-relationship between the infrapatellar fat pad and the knee synovial membrane. As an extrasynovial tissue, the infrapatellar fat pad does not directly interact with the articular cartilage; based on its location in close contact with the synovial membrane, and due to the metabolic properties of adipose tissue, it may influence the behavior of the synovial membrane. In fact, considering evidence of macroscopic and microscopic anatomy, the infrapatellar fat pad is the site of insertion of the infrapatellar and medial synovial plicae. Also biochemically, there is much evidence highlighting the interaction among these two structures; in the case of inflammation, the mutual interplay is ascribable to the release of pro-inflammatory mediators stimulating the proliferation of inflammatory cells and promoting tissue modifications in both. All these assumptions could support the emerging idea that the infrapatellar fat pad and the syn...Continue Reading

References

Jan 1, 1992·Arthroscopy : the Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery : Official Publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association·T Zidorn
Jan 1, 1990·Arthroscopy : the Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery : Official Publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association·S Ogata, H K Uhthoff
Nov 1, 1982·The American Journal of Sports Medicine·J C KennedyK C Hayes
Jan 1, 1995·Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery·D KohnM Rudert
Jan 1, 1995·Magnetic Resonance Imaging·F Fernandez-MadridW G Negendank
Oct 1, 1996·Arthroscopy : the Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery : Official Publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association·S J KimH K Kim
Jan 1, 1997·Clinics in Sports Medicine·J Y Dupont
Feb 1, 1997·Arthroscopy : the Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery : Official Publication of the Arthroscopy Association of North America and the International Arthroscopy Association·S J Kim, W S Choe
Apr 19, 2000·Archives of Histology and Cytology·T IwanagaK Nozawa-Inoue
Jun 22, 2001·AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology·C A Boles, D F Martin
Jul 12, 2002·Radiographics : a Review Publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc·Roberto García-ValtuilleAntonio Cruz
Dec 3, 2003·Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases·H XuN A Athanasou
Jan 29, 2005·Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy : Official Journal of the ESSKA·J GallagherM O'Brien
Aug 2, 2005·Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy : Official Journal of the ESSKA·Burak DemiragMehmet Karakayali
Jun 6, 2007·Journal of Orthopaedic Research : Official Publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society·Axel HempfingMarc Thomsen
Feb 14, 2009·Anatomical Sciences Education·Raffaele De CaroAndrea Porzionato
Sep 29, 2009·The Knee·M Kent, V Khanduja
Oct 7, 2010·Nature Reviews. Rheumatology·Jérémie Sellam, Francis Berenbaum
Jan 26, 2011·European Journal of Histochemistry : EJH·A SbarbatiP Panettiere
Aug 10, 2011·Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Systems Biology and Medicine·Alexander Y HuiRobert L Sah
Oct 20, 2011·Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy : Official Journal of the ESSKA·Henning MadryAndrea Facchini
Dec 21, 2011·Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery·Nawfal Al-HadithyGeorge Dowd
Jan 27, 2012·The Open Rheumatology Journal·Malcolm D Smith
Jan 1, 2011·Frontiers in Immunology·Aisling KennedyCatherine Godson
Dec 1, 2010·Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease·Claire Y J Wenham, Philip G Conaghan
Apr 10, 2013·Age and Ageing·Claire Y J Wenham, Philip G Conaghan
Dec 10, 2014·Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases·I AtukoralaD J Hunter
Jan 23, 2016·Cells, Tissues, Organs·Veronica MacchiRaffaele De Caro
Apr 14, 2016·Joint, Bone, Spine : Revue Du Rhumatisme·Florent Eymard, Xavier Chevalier
May 24, 2016·Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology·Pallavi Bhattaram, Unnikrishnan Chandrasekharan
Dec 8, 2016·Journal of Cellular Physiology·Elisa BelluzziMarta Favero
Dec 10, 2016·Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials·Chiara Giulia FontanellaArturo N Natali
Feb 6, 2017·Arthritis Research & Therapy·Alexander Mathiessen, Philip G Conaghan
Jul 19, 2017·Journal of Anatomy·Robert M Geraghty, Michelle Spear

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Mar 11, 2020·Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research·Pu ChenQingfu Wang
Jul 12, 2020·Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Part H, Journal of Engineering in Medicine·Chiara Giulia FontanellaEmanuele Luigi Carniel
Jan 11, 2020·Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology·Elena StoccoVeronica Macchi
Jun 28, 2020·Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine·Junsong JiangXuehong Liu
May 3, 2019·BioMed Research International·Elisa BelluzziVeronica Macchi
Jan 3, 2021·Annals of Anatomy = Anatomischer Anzeiger : Official Organ of the Anatomische Gesellschaft·Esperanza NaredoEugene Kissin
Aug 23, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Elisa BelluzziMarta Favero
Nov 14, 2020·Current Opinion in Rheumatology·Natalia Zapata-LinaresXavier Houard
Feb 20, 2021·Journal of Experimental Pharmacology·Gundula Schulze-Tanzil
Apr 4, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Sunhee JangJi Hyeon Ju
Apr 10, 2021·APL Bioengineering·Chang GuiGretchen A Meyer
Oct 6, 2020·Aging and Disease·Ni ZengGuo-Xin Ni
Sep 22, 2021·Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology·Edwin H G OeiRianne A van der Heijden

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.

© 2022 Meta ULC. All rights reserved