The inhibitory neurotransmitter glycine modulates macrophage activity by activation of neutral amino acid transporters

Journal of Neuroscience Research
Sofie CarmansNiels Hellings

Abstract

Glycine, an important inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS), has been shown to modulate peripheral immune cell responses. In that respect, glycine levels are increased in several neuroinflammatory disorders, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and multiple sclerosis (MS). In this study, we show that glycine modulates macrophage effector functions implicated in CNS inflammation and in other, related inflammatory conditions. We demonstrate that glycine does not affect the production of reactive oxygen species but stimulates myelin phagocytosis and the production of the proinflammatory mediators nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha by rat macrophages. These effects of glycine are not mediated by the glycine receptor (GlyR) or by glycine transporters (GlyTs), as neither the GlyR antagonist strychnine nor the antagonist of GlyT1 (ALX5407) reverses the observed effects. In contrast, 2-aminoisobutyric acid, a substrate of neutral amino acid transporters (NAATs), inhibits the glycine-mediated enhancement of myelin phagocytosis as well as of NO and TNF-alpha production. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that glycine modulates macrophage function through activation of N...Continue Reading

References

Feb 1, 1992·Journal of the Neurological Sciences·Y IwasakiM Kinoshita
Jun 1, 1991·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·P KubesD N Granger
Jan 1, 1991·The Journal of Physiology·S Ito, E Cherubini
Apr 1, 1988·Annals of Neurology·K W Selmaj, C S Raine
Jan 1, 1988·Free Radical Biology & Medicine·G M Rubanyi
Jan 1, 1985·Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology·L E TrangO Lövgren
Oct 1, 1973·Journal of Neurochemistry·W T Norton, S E Poduslo
Sep 30, 1967·Nature·D R CurtisG A Johnston
Sep 1, 1968·The Journal of Experimental Medicine·R van Furth, Z A Cohn
Jul 1, 1996·Journal of Neurochemistry·F Jursky, N Nelson
Jul 1, 1996·The American Journal of Physiology·K IkejimaR G Thurman
Feb 1, 1996·The American Journal of Physiology·Z ZhongR G Thurman
Dec 1, 1996·Journal of Biochemistry·N WatanabeY Kobayashi
Jan 1, 1997·Pharmacology & Therapeutics·S RajendraP R Schofield
Jun 1, 1997·The American Journal of Physiology·K IkejimaR G Thurman
Aug 4, 1998·The American Journal of Physiology·C Eder
Mar 4, 1999·FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology·A SpittlerE Roth
Apr 13, 1999·The American Journal of Physiology·P SchemmerR G Thurman
Aug 5, 2000·American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology·M D WheelerR G Thurman
Feb 24, 2001·Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS·M D WheelerR G Thurman
Dec 6, 2001·Neuroreport·T TouilB Brochet
Sep 12, 2002·American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology·Matthias FrohMichael D Wheeler
Jul 8, 2003·Pflügers Archiv : European journal of physiology·Bryan Mackenzie, Jeffrey D Erickson
Jul 26, 2003·The Biochemical Journal·Russell HydeHarinder S Hundal
Jun 14, 2005·Trends in Biochemical Sciences·Volker EulenburgJesús Gomeza
Aug 13, 2005·Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica·R Y GundersenP K Opstad
Apr 19, 2008·Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica·F WesseldijkF J Zijlstra
Jun 16, 2009·Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology·Marco VercellinoPaola Cavalla

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Feb 26, 2011·Pflügers Archiv : European journal of physiology·Jimmy Van den EyndenJean-Michel Rigo
Mar 25, 2014·Current Pathobiology Reports·Tea Soon ParkLudovic Zimmerlin
Jun 27, 2013·Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology·Carlos Clayton Torres AguiarSilvânia Maria Mendes Vasconcelos
Jan 19, 2018·Cell Biology International·Cristiano Pedrozo VieiraEdson Rosa Pimentel
Sep 26, 2020·Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience·Rebecca StevensonYossi Buskila
Sep 26, 2020·Frontiers in Immunology·Siyuan ChenWenkai Ren
Oct 30, 2020·Archives of Pharmacal Research·Sung Jean Park, Ji Woong Choi
Jul 3, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Laszlo G HarsingLászló Köles

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Amyloid Lateral Sclerosis

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive nervous system disease associated with the death of neurons that control voluntary muscles. Discover the latest research on ALS here.

ALS: Pathogenic Mechanisms

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by muscle weakness. Here is the latest research investigating pathogenic mechanisms that underlie this genetically heterogeneous disorder.