The initial establishment and epithelial morphogenesis of the esophagus: a new model of tracheal-esophageal separation and transition of simple columnar into stratified squamous epithelium in the developing esophagus

Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Developmental Biology
Jianwen Que

Abstract

The esophagus and trachea are tubular organs that initially share a single common lumen in the anterior foregut. Several models have been proposed to explain how this single-lumen developmental intermediate generates two tubular organs. However, new evidence suggests that these models are not comprehensive. I will first briefly review these models and then propose a novel 'splitting and extension' model based on our in vitro modeling of the foregut separation process. Signaling molecules (e.g., SHHs, WNTs, BMPs) and transcription factors (e.g., NKX2.1 and SOX2) are critical for the separation of the foregut. Intriguingly, some of these molecules continue to play essential roles during the transition of simple columnar into stratified squamous epithelium in the developing esophagus, and they are also closely involved in epithelial maintenance in the adults. Alterations in the levels of these molecules have been associated with the initiation and progression of several esophageal diseases and cancer in adults.

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Citations

Oct 17, 2019·Annual Review of Physiology·Yongchun Zhang, Jianwen Que
Feb 27, 2020·Annual Review of Neuroscience·Thomas M MaynardAnthony-S LaMantia
Sep 3, 2020·American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine·Bingqiang WenVladimir V Kalinichenko
Mar 31, 2021·Development·Yongchun ZhangJianwen Que
May 18, 2021·International Journal of Cancer. Journal International Du Cancer·Sohei KitazawaRiko Kitazawa

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