The Innate Immune Response of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Is Not Negatively Affected by High Temperature and Moderate Hypoxia.

Frontiers in Immunology
Fábio S ZanuzzoA Kurt Gamperl

Abstract

Climate change is predicted to increase water temperatures and decrease oxygen levels in freshwater and marine environments, however, there is conflicting information regarding the extent to which these conditions may impact the immune defenses of fish. In this study, Atlantic salmon were exposed to: (1) normoxia (100-110% air saturation) at 12°C; (2) an incremental temperature increase (1°C per week from 12 to 20°C), and then held at 20°C for an additional 4 weeks; and (3) "2" with the addition of moderate hypoxia (~65-75% air saturation). These conditions realistically reflect what farmed salmon in some locations are currently facing, and future conditions in Atlantic Canada and Europe, during the summer months. The salmon were sampled for the measurement of head kidney constitutive anti-bacterial and anti-viral transcript expression levels, and blood parameters of humoral immune function. Thereafter, they were injected with either the multi-valent vaccine Forte V II (contains both bacterial and viral antigens) or PBS (phosphate-buffer-saline), and the head kidney and blood of these fish were sampled at 6, 12, 24, and 48 h post-injection (HPI). Our results showed that: (1) neither high temperature, nor high temperature + mode...Continue Reading

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Citations

Feb 21, 2021·Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part B, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology·You-Wu DaiJiong Chen
Jul 3, 2021·Animals : an Open Access Journal From MDPI·Ricardo CaladoMiguel C Leal
Sep 11, 2021·Frontiers in Physiology·Anthony K GamperlRebeccah M Sandrelli

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Datasets Mentioned

BETA
GE777139
and
EG908498

Methods Mentioned

BETA
PCR
Polymerase Chain Reaction
flow cytometry

Software Mentioned

LCDPST3
ViiA
PreSens

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