The insular cortex and cardiovascular system: a new insight into the brain-heart axis

Journal of the American Society of Hypertension : JASH
Michiaki NagaiKazuomi Kario

Abstract

The classical literature on neurocardiology has focused mainly on the subcortical regions of the central autonomic nervous system. However, recent studies have supported the notion that the cardiovascular system is regulated by cortical modulation. Modern neuroimaging data, including positron emission tomography and functional magnetic resonance imaging, have revealed that a network consisting of the insular cortex, anterior cingulate gyrus, and amygdala plays a crucial role in the regulation of central autonomic nervous system. Because the insular cortex is located in the region of the middle cerebral arteries, its structure tends to be exposed to a higher risk of cerebrovascular disease. The insular cortex damage has been associated with arrhythmia, diurnal blood pressure variation disruption (eg, a non-dipper or riser pattern), myocardial injury, and sleep disordered breathing, as well as higher plasma levels of brain natriuretic peptide, catecholamine, and glucose. This review article focuses on the role of the insular cortex as a mediator for the cardiovascular system and summarizes current knowledge on the relationships between cerebrovascular disease and cardiovascular system dysregulation. Finally, a hypothesis of the n...Continue Reading

References

Sep 1, 1992·Neurology·S M OppenheimerV C Hachinski
Jan 13, 1992·Brain Research·S M OppenheimerD F Cechetto
Sep 1, 1994·Stroke; a Journal of Cerebral Circulation·D Sander, J Klingelhöfer
Jan 1, 1993·Stroke; a Journal of Cerebral Circulation·F VingerhoetsG Van Melle
Oct 1, 1996·Brain Research. Brain Research Reviews·J R Augustine
Jun 1, 1997·Archives of Neurology·B W YoonV Hachinski
Aug 5, 1998·Brain Research·Z H ZhangS M Oppenheimer
Jul 2, 1999·Stroke; a Journal of Cerebral Circulation·S L TokgözogluA Oto
Dec 15, 2000·Archives of Neurology·R T Cheung, V Hachinski
May 19, 2001·Annals of Neurology·M J HilzO Devinsky
Jun 12, 2004·Stroke; a Journal of Cerebral Circulation·Louise E AllportStephen M Davis
Jul 24, 2004·Stroke; a Journal of Cerebral Circulation·Furio ColivicchiCarlo Caltagirone
Jan 18, 2005·Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry·H ChristensenH H Johannesen
Jul 16, 2005·Stroke; a Journal of Cerebral Circulation·Furio ColivicchiCarlo Caltagirone
Mar 10, 2006·Neurology·H AyA G Sorensen
Apr 29, 2006·American Heart Journal·Kenan IltumurNizamettin Toprak
Sep 27, 2006·Neurology·Sascha Meyer, Matthias Strittmatter
Jan 27, 2007·Stroke; a Journal of Cerebral Circulation·Dirk M HermannClaudio L Bassetti
Aug 9, 2008·Annals of Neurology·Sohei YoshimuraKazuo Minematsu
Sep 10, 2008·NeuroImage·Richard D LaneJulian F Thayer
Nov 19, 2008·Hypertension Research : Official Journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension·Douraied Ben SalemFrançois Brunotte
May 16, 2009·Stroke; a Journal of Cerebral Circulation·Jiangyong MinArshad Majid

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Oct 22, 2013·Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine·M L Mamalyga
Oct 28, 2010·Nature Reviews. Cardiology·Vera Novak, Ihab Hajjar
Oct 27, 2010·Alzheimer Disease and Associated Disorders·Carolyn W ZhuYaakov Stern
Apr 29, 2011·PloS One·Jean-Charles LambertPhilippe Amouyel
Oct 27, 2011·PloS One·Lino BecerraDavid Borsook
Nov 10, 2012·Neurology International·Ryuji SakakibaraTatsuya Yamamoto
Jul 6, 2013·AJNR. American Journal of Neuroradiology·J B KimJ H Kim
Jul 9, 2014·Current Heart Failure Reports·Jennifer A OgrenMary A Woo
Jun 22, 2014·Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports·Shuai ZhangNai-Hong Chen
Jul 19, 2014·Journal of the Neurological Sciences·Josef Finsterer, Karim Wahbi
Jan 17, 2016·Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience·Roberta A Schriber, Amanda E Guyer
Aug 18, 2012·La Presse médicale·Jean-Michel SenardAtul Pathak
Mar 27, 2012·Hearing Research·Dennis GolmBirgit Kröner-Herwig
May 11, 2015·Sleep & Breathing = Schlaf & Atmung·Ming-Xian LiShao Wang
Dec 20, 2011·Experimental Physiology·América A ScopinhoCarlos C Crestani
Sep 9, 2011·The Anatomical Record : Advances in Integrative Anatomy and Evolutionary Biology·Mary E BlueMichael V Johnston
May 14, 2011·Human Brain Mapping·Peter J GianarosHugo D Critchley
Apr 6, 2016·Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences·Gaetano ValenzaRiccardo Barbieri
Apr 6, 2016·Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences·Guo-Rong Wu, Daniele Marinazzo
Apr 6, 2016·Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences·G ValenzaE P Scilingo
Apr 6, 2016·Philosophical Transactions. Series A, Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences·Alessandro SilvaniPietro Cortelli
Aug 21, 2012·Neurobiology of Aging·Miika VuorinenAlina Solomon
Mar 26, 2011·Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis : Official Publication of the World Federation of Neurology Research Group on Motor Neuron Diseases·Toshio ShimizuShiro Matsubara
Sep 25, 2015·Journal of Alzheimer's Disease : JAD·Christina Jensen-DahmMartin Ballegaard
Jun 5, 2013·British Journal of Sports Medicine·Eduardo B FontesTimothy D Noakes
May 28, 2014·Autonomic Neuroscience : Basic & Clinical·William P Cheshire
Mar 3, 2015·Seminars in Pediatric Neurology·Robert C Tasker
Aug 15, 2014·Frontiers in Physiology·Elisabeth Lambert, Gavin W Lambert
Dec 30, 2014·Journal of the Neurological Sciences·Sylvie De RaedtJacques De Keyser
Nov 16, 2014·Current Treatment Options in Neurology·Michael E Brogan, Edward M Manno
Jul 5, 2016·Frontiers in Neurology·Paul M MaceyRonald M Harper
Jun 28, 2016·Physiology & Behavior·Brice BeffaraMartial Mermillod
Jul 28, 2016·SpringerPlus·Wei-Min HoTsong-Hai Lee
Jul 19, 2013·Behavioural Brain Research·Jose Patricio CasanovaRodrigo Iturriaga

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Bradyarrhythmias

Bradyarrhythmias are slow heart rates. Symptoms may include syncope, dizziness, fatigure, shortness of breath, and chest pains. Find the latest research on bradyarrhythmias here.

Atrial Fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation is a common arrhythmia that is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality, particularly due to stroke and thromboembolism. Here is the latest research.

Acute Stroke

A stroke occurs when blood supply to the brain is interrupted depriving the brain of oxygen and nutrients. This feed focuses cerebrovascular accidents including ischemic and paralytic stroke.

Brain Ischemia

Brain ischemia is a condition in which there is insufficient blood flow to the brain to meet metabolic demand. Discover the latest research on brain ischemia here.

Cardiomyopathy

Cardiomyopathy is a disease of the heart muscle, that can lead to muscular or electrical dysfunction of the heart. It is often an irreversible disease that is associated with a poor prognosis. There are different causes and classifications of cardiomyopathies. Here are the latest discoveries pertaining to this disease.

Cardiovascular Disease Pathophysiology

Cardiovascular disease involves several different processes that contribute to the pathological mechanism, including hyperglycemia, inflammation, atherosclerosis, hypertension and more. Vasculature stability plays a critical role in the development of the disease. Discover the latest research on cardiovascular disease pathophysiology here.

Amygdala and Midbrain Dopamine

The midbrain dopamine system is widely studied for its involvement in emotional and motivational behavior. Some of these neurons receive information from the amygdala and project throughout the cortex. When the circuit and transmission of dopamine is disrupted symptoms may present. Here is the latest research on the amygdala and midbrain dopamine.

Atrial Filbrillation

Atrial fibrillation refers to the abnormal heart rhythm characterized by rapid and irregular beating of the atria. Here is the latest research.

Arrhythmia

Arrhythmias are abnormalities in heart rhythms, which can be either too fast or too slow. They can result from abnormalities of the initiation of an impulse or impulse conduction or a combination of both. Here is the latest research on arrhythmias.

Amygdala: Sensory Processes

Amygdalae, nuclei clusters located in the temporal lobe of the brain, play a role in memory, emotional responses, and decision-making. Here is the latest research on sensory processes in the amygdala.

Aphasia

Aphasia affects the ability to process language, including formulation and comprehension of language and speech, as well as the ability to read or write. Here is the latest research on aphasia.