The insulin-like growth factor 2 gene and locus in nonmammalian vertebrates: Organizational simplicity with duplication but limited divergence in fish

The Journal of Biological Chemistry
P Rotwein

Abstract

The small, secreted peptide, insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2), is essential for fetal and prenatal growth in humans and other mammals. Human IGF2 and mouse Igf2 genes are located within a conserved linkage group and are regulated by parental imprinting, with IGF2/Igf2 being expressed from the paternally derived chromosome, and H19 from the maternal chromosome. Here, data retrieved from genomic and gene expression repositories were used to examine the Igf2 gene and locus in 8 terrestrial vertebrates, 11 ray-finned fish, and 1 lobe-finned fish representing >500 million years of evolutionary diversification. The analysis revealed that vertebrate Igf2 genes are simpler than their mammalian counterparts, having fewer exons and lacking multiple gene promoters. Igf2 genes are conserved among these species, especially in protein-coding regions, and IGF2 proteins also are conserved, although less so in fish than in terrestrial vertebrates. The Igf2 locus in terrestrial vertebrates shares additional genes with its mammalian counterparts, including tyrosine hydroxylase (Th), insulin (Ins), mitochondrial ribosomal protein L23 (Mrpl23), and troponin T3, fast skeletal type (Tnnt3), and both Th and Mrpl23 are present in the Igf2 locus in f...Continue Reading

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Citations

Feb 2, 2020·BMC Genomics·Peter Rotwein, Kabita Baral
Sep 22, 2020·Evolutionary Bioinformatics Online·Kabita Baral, Peter Rotwein
Apr 21, 2020·Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology·Ramesh ChoudhariShrikanth S Gadad
Apr 20, 2021·Frontiers in Endocrinology·David M Irwin
May 15, 2021·Fish Physiology and Biochemistry·S ChandhiniV J Rejish Kumar

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