The insulinotropic effect of a high-protein nutrient preload is mediated by the increase of plasma amino acids in type 2 diabetes

European Journal of Nutrition
Domenico TricòAndrea Natali

Abstract

Eating protein before carbohydrate reduces postprandial glucose excursions by enhancing insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion in type 2 diabetes (T2D). We tested the hypothesis that this insulinotropic effect depends on the elevation of plasma amino acids (AA) after the digestion of food protein. In 16 T2D patients, we measured plasma AA levels through the course of two 75-g oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) preceded by either 500-ml water or a high-protein nutrient preload (50-g Parmesan cheese, one boiled egg, and 300-ml water). Changes in beta cell function were evaluated by measuring and modelling plasma glucose, insulin, and C-peptide through the OGTT. Changes in incretin hormone secretion were assessed by measuring plasma GLP-1. Plasma AA levels were 24% higher after the nutrient preload (p < 0.0001). This increment was directly proportional to both the enhancement of beta cell function (r = 0.58, p = 0.02) and the plasma GLP-1 gradients (r = 0.57, p = 0.02) produced by the nutrient preload. Among single AA, glutamine showed the strongest correlation with changes in beta cell function (r = 0.61, p = 0.01), while leucine showed the strongest correlation with GLP-1 responses (r = 0.74, p = 0.001). The elev...Continue Reading

References

Oct 1, 1992·Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental·M C GannonL A Burmeister
Nov 1, 1988·Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental·M C GannonS A Westphal
Sep 1, 1966·The Journal of Clinical Investigation·J C FloydJ Rull
May 1, 1966·Diabetes·S Berger, N Vongaraya
Jun 29, 2000·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·L J van LoonA J Wagenmakers
Oct 22, 2002·American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism·Andrea MariEle Ferrannini
Jan 23, 2004·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·Changhong LiFranz M Matschinsky
Jul 10, 2008·American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism·Richard D CarrBo Ahrén
Oct 18, 2008·Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism·A Mari, E Ferrannini
Oct 1, 2010·IUBMB Life·Mary C Gannon, Frank Q Nuttall
Nov 22, 2012·Diabetic Medicine : a Journal of the British Diabetic Association·S ImaiS Kajiyama
Oct 11, 2013·Diabetes Care·Alison B EvertUNKNOWN American Diabetes Association
Mar 29, 2014·The Journal of Endocrinology·Philip NewsholmeKevin Keane
Dec 10, 2014·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·Ola LindgrenBo Ahrén
Jan 17, 2015·Nature·Alejo EfeyanDavid M Sabatini
Jun 25, 2015·Diabetes Care·Alpana P ShuklaLouis J Aronne
Dec 17, 2016·Diabetes Care·UNKNOWN American Diabetes Association
Mar 14, 2017·Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental·Andrea NataliUNKNOWN RISC Investigators
May 10, 2017·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·Domenico TricòRaimund I Herzog
Jun 9, 2017·Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism·Jan GojdaMichal Anděl
Jul 12, 2017·Diabetes & Metabolism·M SeghieriA Natali

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Jan 4, 2019·Journal of Translational Medicine·Bodo C Melnik, Gerd Schmitz
Mar 7, 2020·The Proceedings of the Nutrition Society·Chaitong ChuruangsukEmilie Combet
Oct 17, 2020·Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care·Domenico TricòAnna Solini
Apr 27, 2021·Frontiers in Endocrinology·Md KamruzzamanChinmay S Marathe

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Related Feeds

Cardiovascular Biology of GLP-1

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) plays a role in glucose metabolism, energy homeostasis, and inflammation suppression. GLP-1 receptor signaling has been shown to impact cardiovascular function. This feed focuses on the role of GLP-1 and GLP-1 receptor agonists on cardiovascular biology.

Biomarkers for Type 2 Diabetes

Biomarkers can help understand chronic diseases and assist in risk prediction for prevention and early detection of diseases. Here is the latest research on biomarkers in type 2 diabetes, a disease in which the body is unable to produce or properly use insulin.